Figure 32-47 Influence of juxtacardiac pressure and ventricular compliance on left ventricular (LV) preload. There are three interpretations of an increased transduced pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP, 20 mm Hg). A, Juxtacardiac pressure (-5 mm Hg) and LV compliance are normal, transmural PAWP is increased (25 mm Hg), and LV volume is increased. B, Juxtacardiac pressure is increased (+10 mm Hg), LV compliance is normal, transmural PAWP is decreased (10 mm Hg), and LV volume is normal or decreased. C, Juxtacardiac pressure is normal, LV compliance is decreased, transmural PAWP is increased (25 mm Hg), and LV volume is normal or decreased. LA, left atrium. (Redrawn from Mark JB: Atlas of Cardiovascular Monitoring. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1998, Fig. 15-8.)