Figure 7-9 Histograms depicting left ventricular-arterial coupling (E_es /E_a , top panel) and mechanical efficiency (SW/PVA; bottom panel) before (control 1 [C1]); during 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC); and after sevoflurane (control 2 [C2]). a, Significantly (P < .05) different from C1; b, significantly (P < .05) different from 0.9 MAC of sevoflurane; c, significantly (P < .05) different from 1.2 MAC of sevoflurane. (Adapted from Hettrick DA, Pagel PS, Warltier DC: Desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane impair canine left ventricular-arterial coupling and mechanical efficiency. Anesthesiology 85:403–413, 1996.)