Figure 68-4 Preoperative hydration of 20 versus 2 mL/kg decreases postoperative morbidity in outpatients. (Redrawn with modification from Yogendran S, Asokumar B, Cheng DC, et al: A prospective randomized double-blinded study of the effect of intravenous fluid therapy on adverse outcomes on outpatient surgery. Anesth Analg 80:682, 1995.)