Figure 58-15 Initial central venous pressure (C.V.P.) readings (three or more recordings of maternal diastolic pressure) and intravascular volume replacement required to attain the range of 6 to 8 cm H₂ O in five groups of women with preeclampsia classified according to the severity of the disease (by diastolic blood pressure). LR, lactated Ringer's solution. (Redrawn from Joyce TH III, Debnath KS, Baker EA: Preeclampsia: Relationship of CVP and epidural analgesia. Anesthesiology 51[Suppl]:294, 1979.)