Figure 51-6 Bar chart of the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in 67 infants and children (mean ± SD). Group A underwent repair with moderate hypothermic bypass (MoCPB) at 28 to 32°C; group B, with deep hypothermic bypass (DHCPB) at 18 to 22°C; and group C, with total circulatory arrest at 18°C. Note the impaired cerebral reperfusion after total circulatory arrest (group C). Stage I, pre-bypass; stages II and III, during hypothermic bypass; stage IV, rewarmed on bypass; stage V, after bypass. (From Greeley WJ, Brusino FG, Ungerleider RM et al: The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral blood flow in neonates, infants, and children. Circulation 80:1209, 1989.)