Previous Next



REFERENCES

1. Krejcie TC, Avram MJ, Gentry WB, et al: A recirculatory model of the pulmonary uptake and pharmacokinetics of lidocaine based on analysis of arterial and mixed venous data from dogs. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 25:169–190, 1997.

2. Shafer S: Principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In Longnecker DE, Tinker JH, Morgan GE (eds): Principles and Practice of Anesthesiology, 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book, 1997.

3. Wagner JG: Pharmacokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist. Lancaster, PA, Technomic Publishing, 1993.

4. Wilkinson GR, Shand DG: Commentary: A physiological approach to hepatic drug clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 18:377–390, 1975.

5. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH: Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 16:31–41, 1976.

6. Ebling WF, Wada DR, Stanski DR: From piecewise to full physiologic pharmacokinetic modeling: Applied to thiopental disposition in the rat. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 22:259–292, 1994.

7. Bjorkman S, Wada DR, Stanski DR: Application of physiologic models to predict the influence of changes in body composition and blood flows on the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and alfentanil in patients. Anesthesiology 88:657–667, 1998.

8. Youngs EJ, Shafer SL: Basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles. In White PF (ed): Textbook of Intravenous Anesthesia. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1997, p 10.

9. Scott JC, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR: EEG quantitation of narcotic effect: The comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 62:234–241, 1985.

10. Mandema JW, Kuck MT, Danhof M: Differences in intrinsic efficacy of benzodiazepines are reflected in their concentration-EEG effect relationship. Br J Pharmacol 105:164–170, 1992.

11. Engelhardt S, Grimmer Y, Fan G-H, Lohse MJ: Constitutive activity of the human β1 -adrenergic receptor in β1 -receptor transgenic mice. Mol Pharmacol 60:712–717, 2001.

12. Liu X, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Evans KLJ, Bond RA: Chronic infusion of β-adrenoceptor antagonist and inverse agonists decreases elevated protein kinase A activity in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of human β2ARs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 40:448–455, 2002.

13. Stapelfeldt WH: The autonomic nervous system. In Schwinn DA (ed): Scientific Principles of Anesthesia, vol 2. Philadelphia, Current Medicine, 1998.

14. Berkowitz DE: Cellular signal transduction. In Schwinn DA (ed): Scientific Principles of Anesthesia, vol 2. Philadelphia, Current Medicine, 1998.

15. Firestone L, Quinlan J, Gyulai F: Mechanisms of anesthetic action. In Schwinn DA (ed): Scientific Principles of Anesthesia, vol 2. Philadelphia, Current Medicine, 1998.

16. McEwan AI, Smith C, Dyar O, et al: Isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration reduction by fentanyl. Anesthesiology 78:864–869, 1993.

17. Vuyk J, Lim T, Engbers FH, et al: The pharmacodynamic interaction of propofol and alfentanil during lower abdominal surgery in women. Anesthesiology 83:8–22, 1995.

18. Minto CF, Schnider TW, Short TG, et al: Response surface model for anesthetic drug interactions. Anesthesiology 92:1603–1616, 2000.

19. Lamba JK, Lin YS, Thummel K, et al: Common allelic variants of cytochrome P4503A4 and their prevalence in different populations. Pharmacogenetics 12:121–132, 2002.

20. Dai D, Tang J, Rose R, et al: Identification of variants of CYP3A4 and characterization of their abilities to metabolize testosterone and chlorpyrifos. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:825–831, 2001.

21. Blaisdell J, Mohrenweiser H, Jackson J, et al: Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics 12:703–711, 2002.

22. Poulsen L, Brosen K, Arendt-Nielsen L, et al: Codeine and morphine in extensive and poor metabolizers of sparteine: Pharmacokinetics, analgesic effect and side effects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 51:289–295, 1996.

23. Johnson JA, Terra SG: β-Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms: Cardiovascular disease associations and pharmacogenetics. Pharm Res 19:1779–1787, 2002.

24. Dishy V, Sofowora GG, Xie HG, et al: The effect of common polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor on agonist-mediated vascular desensitization. N Engl J Med 345:1020–1035, 2002.

25. Homer TD, Stanski DR: The effect of increasing age on thiopental disposition and anesthetic requirement. Anesthesiology 62:714–724, 1985.

26. Bell GD, Spickett GP, Reeve PA, et al: Intravenous midazolam for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A study of 800 consecutive cases relating dose to age and sex of patient. Br J Clin Pharmacol 23:241–243, 1987.


104


27. Scott JC, Stanski DR: Decreased fentanyl and alfentanil dose requirements with age: A simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 240:159–166, 1987.

28. Minto CF, Schnider TW, Egan TD, et al: Influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. I. Model development. Anesthesiology 86:10–23, 1997.

29. Schnider TW, Minto CF, Shafer SL, et al: The influence of age on propofol pharmacodynamics. Anesthesiology 90:1502–1516, 1999.

30. Bailey DG, Malcolm J, Arnold O, Spence JD: Grapefruit juicedrug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 46:101–110, 1998.

Previous Next