|
|
REFERENCES
301.
Harvey W: Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis
et Sanguiis in Animalibus. Frankfurt, Fitzeri, 1628.
302.
Clarck T: A letter written to the publisher by
the learned and experienced Dr. Timothy Clarck, one of his majesties physicians in
ordinary, concerning some anatomical inventions and observations, particularly the
origin of the injection into veins, the transfusion of blood, and the parts of generation.
Philos Trans R Soc 3:672–682, 1668.
303.
Oré P: De l'anesthésie produite
chez l'homme par les injections de chloral dans les veines. Comptes rendus Acad
Sci 78:515–517, 651–654, 1874.
304.
Von Steinbüchel G: Die scopolamin-morphium-halbnarkose
in der geburtshüfle. Beiträge zur Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie 1:294–326,
1903.
305.
Goerig M: The Avertin story. In
Fink B, Morris LE, Stephen CR, et al (eds): The History of Anesthesia. Third International
Symposium. Park Ridge, IL, Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, 1992.
306.
Harvey S: Hypnotics and Sedatives. In
Goodman L, Gilman A, Goodman L, et al (eds): The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,
5th ed. New York, Macmillan, 1975.
307.
Fischer E, von Mering J: Ueber eine neue classe
von Schlafmitteln. Ther Ggw 44:97–101, 1903.
308.
Weese H, Sscharpff W: Evipan, ein neuartiges
Einschlafmittel. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 58:1205–1207, 1932.
309.
Lundy J: Intravenous anesthesia: Preliminary
report of the use of two new thiobarbiturates. Proc Mayo Clin 10:536–543,
1935.
310.
Lundy J: Balanced anesthesia. Minn Med 9:399–404,
1926.
311.
Halford F: A critique of intravenous anesthesia
in war surgery. Anesthesiology 4:67–69, 1943.
312.
Bennetts FE: Thiopentone anaesthesia at Pearl
Harbor. Br J Anaesth 75:366–368, 1995.
313.
Kay B, Stephenson DK: ICI 35868 (Diprivan):
A new intravenous anaesthetic. A comparison with Althesin. Anaesthesia 35:1182–1187,
1980.
314.
Doenicke A, Kugler J, Penzel G, et al: Cerebral
function under etomidate, a new non-barbiturate I.V. hypnotic [author's translation].
Anaesthesist 22:3573–3566, 1973.
315.
Sternbach L: Chemistry of 1,4-benzodiazepines
and some aspects of the structure-activity relationship. New York, Raven Press,
1973.
316.
Hunkeler W, Mohler H, Pieri L, et al: Selective
antagonists of benzodiazepines. Nature 290:514–516, 1981.
317.
Corssen G, Domino EF: Dissociative anesthesia:
Further pharmacologic studies and first clinical experience with the phencyclidine
derivative CI-581. Anesth Analg 45:29–40, 1966.
318.
Kay B, Rolly G: I.C.I. 35868, a new intravenous
induction agent. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 28:303–316, 1977.
319.
Forrest W, Smethurst P, Kienitz M: Self administration
of intravenous analgesics. Anesthesiology 33:363–365, 1970.
320.
Sechzer PH: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA):
A retrospective. Anesthesiology 72:735–736, 1990.
321.
White PF: Use of patient-controlled analgesia
for management of acute pain. JAMA 259:243–247, 1988.
322.
Thomas K: Curare: Its history and usage. London,
Pitman Medicals, 1964.
323.
d'Anghera PM: De Orbe Nove. Francis Autustus
MacNutt, transl. New York, G P Putnam and Sons, 1912, pp 385–386.
324.
Raleigh W: The Discoererie of the Large, Rich
and Beautiful Empire of Guina ... Performed in the Year 1595 by Walter Raleigh, Captaine
of her Maiests's Guard. London, Robert Robinson, 1956.
325.
De la Condamine IPJ: Voyagers and Travels. London,
Longman, Hurst & Rees, 1813.
326.
Betcher A: The civilizing of curare: A history
of its development and introduction into anesthesiology. Anesth Analg 56:305–319,
1977.
327.
Brodie B: Experiments and observations on the
different modes in which death is produced by certain vegetable poisons. Philos
Trans R Soc Lond 1:194–195, 1811.
328.
Waterton C: Wanderings in South America. London,
Macmillan, 1879.
329.
Bernard C: Lecons sur les effects des substances
toxiques et medicamenteuses. JB Paris, Bailliere, 1857.
330.
Kuhne W: Ueber die peripherischen Endorgane der
motorischen Nerven. Leipzig, W Engelmann, 1862.
331.
Wells T: Three cases of tetanus, in which "woorara"
was used. Proc R Med Chir Soc Lond 3:142–157, 1859.
332.
Läwen A: The combination of local anesthesia
with narcosis. Beitr Klin Chir 80:168–189, 1912.
333.
King H: Curare. Nature 135:469–470, 1935.
334.
Gill R: White water and black magic. New York,
Holt, 1940.
335.
Gill R: Mrs. Robinson Crusoe in Ecuador. Natl
Geog Mag 65:134–150, 1934.
336.
Bennett A, McIntyre A, Bennett A: Pharmacologic
and clinical investigations with crude curare. JAMA 114:1791, 1940.
337.
Griffith H. Johnson G: The use of curare in general
anesthesia. Anesthesiology 3:418–420, 1942.
338.
Cullen S: The use of curare for improvement of
abdominal muscle relaxation during inhalation anesthesia: Report on 131 cases.
Surgery 14:261–266, 1943.
339.
Gray T, Halton J: A milestone in anaesthesia,
D-tubocurarine chloride? Proc R Soc Med 39:400–410,
1946.
340.
Harroun P, Beckert F, Hathaway H: Curare and
nitrous oxide anesthesia for lengthy operations. Anesthesiology 7:24–28, 1946.
341.
Harroun P, Hathaway H: The use of curare in anesthesia
for thoracic surgery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 82:229–231, 1946.
342.
Neff W, Mayer E, de la Luz Perales M: Nitrous
oxide and oxygen anesthesia with curare relaxation. Calif Med 66:67–69, 1947.
343.
Beecher HK, Todd DP: A study of the deaths associated
with anesthesia and surgery: Based on a study of 599,548 anesthesias in ten institutions
1948–1952. Ann Surg 140:2–34, 1954.
344.
Churchill-Davidson H, Richardson AT: Proc R Soc
Med 45:179, 1952.
345.
Cohen AD: A simple inexpensive nerve stimulator.
Anaesthesia 18:534–535, 1963.
346.
Katz R: A nerve stimulator for the continuous
monitoring of muscle relaxant action. Anesthesiology 26:832–833, 1965.
347.
Ali HH, Utting JE, Gray T: Quantitative assessment
of residual antidepolarizing block (part II). Br J Anaesth 43:478–485, 1971.
348.
Bovet C, Depierre F, Lestrange Y: Propriétés
curarisantes des ethers phénoliques à functions ammonium quaternaries.
Comptes rendus Acad Sci 225:74–76, 1947.
349.
Bovet D: Proprietá farmacodinamiche di
alcuni derivati della succinilcolina dotati di azione curarica. Esteri di trialchiletanolammonio
di acidi bicarbossilici alifatici. R C Ist Super Sanita 12:106–137, 1949.
350.
Thesleff S, von Dardel O, Holmberg F: Succinylcholine
iodide. New muscular relaxant. Br J Anaesth 24:238–244, 1952.
351.
Baird WL, Reid AM: The neuromuscular blocking
properties of a new steroid compound, pancuronium bromide: A pilot study in man.
Br J Anaesth 39:775–780, 1967.
352.
Durant NN, Marshall IG, Savage DS, et al: The
neuromuscular and autonomic blocking activities of pancuronium, Org NC 45, and other
pancuronium analogues, in the cat. J Pharm Pharmacol 31:831–836, 1979.
353.
Miller RD: Org Nc 45. Br J Anaesth 52(Suppl
1):71S–72S, 1980.
354.
Booij LH, Knape HT: The neuromuscular blocking
effect of Org 9426. A new intermediately-acting steroidal nondepolarising muscle
relaxant in man. Anaesthesia 46:341–343, 1991.
355.
Snow J: On the inhalation of the vapour of ether
in surgical operations. London, J Churchill, 1847.
356.
Junker F: Description of a new apparatus for
administering narcotic vapours. Med Times Gaz 2:590, 1867.
357.
Clover J: Description of a new double current
inhaler for administering ether. Br Med J 1:282–283, 1873.
358.
Clover J: On an apparatus for administering nitrous
oxide gas and ether, singly or combined. Br Med J 2:74–75, 1876.
359.
Buxton D: Anaesthetics, their uses and administration.
London, Lewis, 1914.
360.
Meltzer S: Continuous respiration without respiratory
movements. J Exp Med 11:622–625, 1909.
361.
Elsberg C: Anaesthesia by the intratracheal insufflation
of air and ether. Ann Surg 53:161–168, 1911.
362.
Crafoord C: Pulmonary ventilation and anesthesia
in major chest surgery. J Thorac Surg 9:237–253, 1940.
363.
Gwathmey J: Anesthesia. New York, Appleton,
1908, p 580.
364.
Boyle HEG: Nitrous oxide-oxygen-ether outfit.
Proc R Soc Med 11:30, 1917–1918.
365.
Neu M: Ein verfahren zur stickoxydulsauerstoffnarkose.
Munch Med Wochenschr 57:1873–1875, 1910.
366.
Coleman A: Mr. Coleman's economising apparatus
for re-inhaling the gas. Br J Den Sci 12:443, 1869.
367.
Duncum B: The Development of Inhalation Anesthesia.
London, Oxford University Press, 1947.
368.
Kuhn F: Perorale Tubagen mit und ohne Druck.
Dtsch Chir 76:148–207, 1905.
369.
Jackson D: A new method for the production of
general analgesia and anaesthesia with a description of the apparatus used. J Lab
Clin Med 1:1–12, 1915.
370.
Waters R: Clinical scope and utility of carbon
dioxide filtration in inhalation anesthesia. Curr Res Anesth Analg 3:20–22,
1924.
371.
Sword B: The closed circle method of administration
of gas anesthesia. Curr Res Anesth Analg 9:198–202, 1930.
372.
Morris L: A new vaporizer for liquid anesthetic
agents. Anesthesiology 13:587, 1952.
373.
Cohen E: Anesthetic Exposure in the Workplace.
New York, MTP Press, 1980.
374.
O'Dwyer J: An improved method of performing artificial
forcible respiration with exhibition of instruments. Arch Pediatr 9:30–34,
1892.
375.
Matas R: Intralaryngeal insufflation for the
relief of acute surgical pneumothorax. Its history and methods with a description
of the latest devices for this purpose. JAMA 34:1468–1473, 1900.
376.
Drinker P, McKhann C: The use of a new apparatus
for the prolonged administration of artificial respiration. I. A fatal case of
poliomyelitis. JAMA 92:1658–1660, 1929.
377.
Moerch E: Controlled respiration by means of
special automatic machines as used in Sweden and Denmark. Proc R Soc Med Lond 40:603–607,
1947.
378.
Ibsen B: Anaesthetist's viewpoint on the treatment
of respiratory complications in poliomyelitis during the epidemic in Copenhagen,
1952. Proc Roy Soc Med (Lond) 47:72–74, 1954.
379.
McDowell E: Three cases of extirpation of diseased
ovaria. Med Classics 2:651–653, 1938.
380.
Crile G: Nitrous oxide anaesthesia and a note
on anoci-association, a new principle in operative surgery. Surg Gynecol Obstet
13:170–173, 1911.
381.
Crile G, Lower WE: Anoci-Association. Philadelphia,
WB Saunders, 1914.
382.
Cushing H: On the avoidance of shock in major
amputations by cocainization of large nerve-trunks preliminary to their division.
Ann Surg 36:321–345, 1902.
383.
Woodbridge P: Changing concepts concerning depth
of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 18:536–550, 1957.
384.
Pinsker M: Anesthesia: A pragmatic construct.
Anesth Analg 65:819–820, 1986.
385.
Roizen MF, Horrigan RW, Frazer BM: Anesthetic
doses blocking adrenergic (stress) and cardiovascular responses to incision—MAC
BAR. Anesthesiology 54:390–398, 1981.
386.
Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, Tateo I: Effect
of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery.
Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. N Engl J Med 335:1713–1720,
1996.
387.
Lowenstein E, Hallowell P, Levine FH, et al:
Cardiovascular response to large doses of intravenous morphine in man. N Engl J
Med 281:1389–1393, 1969.
388.
Stanley T, Philbin D, Coggins C: Fentanyl oxygen
anaesthesia for coronary artery surgery. Cardiovascular and antidiuretic hormone
responses. Can Anaesth Soc J 26:168–172, 1979.
389.
Clark RB: Transplacental reversal of meperidine
depression in the fetus by naloxone. J Ark Med Soc 68:128–130, 1971.
390.
Kienbaum P, Thurauf N, Michel MC, et al: Profound
increase in epinephrine concentration in plasma and cardiovascular stimulation after
mu-opioid receptor block-ade in opioid-addicted patients during barbiturate-induced
anesthesia for acute detoxification. Anesthesiology 88:1154–1161, 1998.
391.
DeCastro J, Mundeleer P: Anesthesie sans sommeil.
"La neuroleptanalgesie". Acta Chir Belg 58:689, 1959.
392.
Asoh T, Tsuji H, Shirasaka C, Takeuchi Y: Effect
of epidural analgesia on metabolic response to major upper abdominal surgery. Acta
Anaesthesiol Scand 27:233–237, 1983.
393.
Bevan DR: Modification of the metabolic response
to trauma under extradural analgesia. Anaesthesia 26:188–191, 1971.
394.
Von Esmarch F: Handbuch der Kriegschirurgischen
Technik. Hannover, Carl Rumpler, 1877.
395.
Heiberg J: A new expedient in administering chloroform.
Med Surg Gaz 1:36, 1874.
396.
Warren J: Address before the American Medical
Association, Boston, John Wilson, 1850, pp 5–65.
397.
Sibson F: On the treatment of facial neuralgia
by the inhalation of ether. Lond Med Gaz 4:358–364, 1847.
398.
Maltby JR: Francis Sibson, 1814–1876.
Pioneer and prophet in anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 32:53–62, 1977.
399.
Hewitt F: An artificial "airway" for use during
anaesthetization. Lancet 1:490–491, 1908.
400.
Guedel A: A nontraumatic pharyngeal airway.
JAMA 100:1862, 1933.
401.
Shipway F: Airway for intranasal operations.
Br Med J 2:767, 1935.
402.
O'Dwyer J: Fifty cases of croup in private practice
treated by intubation of the larynx, with a description of the method and of the
dangers incident thereto. Med Rec 32:557–561, 1887.
403.
Trousseau A: Du tubage de la glotte et de la
tracheotomie, par M Bouchut. Bull Acad Med 24:99, 1858.
404.
Macewan W: Clinical observations on the introduction
of tracheal tubes by the mouth instead of performing tracheotomy or laryngotomy.
Br Med J 2:122–124, 163–165, 1880.
405.
Rendell-Baker L: History of thoracic anesthesia.
In Mushin WW (ed): Thoracic Anaesthesia. Oxford,
Blackwell Scientific, 1963.
406.
Trendelenburg F: Beiträge zu den Operationen
an den Luftwegen. Arch Klin Chir 12:112–133, 1871.
407.
Sauerbruch F: Ueber die physiologischen and physikalischen
Grundlagen bei intrathorakalen Eingriffen in meiner pneumatischen Operationskammer.
Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 32:105–115, 1904.
408.
Magill I: Endotracheal anesthesia. Proc R Soc
Med 22:1–6, 1928.
409.
Rowbotham E, Magill I: Anaesthetics in the plastic
surgery of the face and jaws. Proc R Soc Med 14:17–27, 1921.
410.
Guedel A, Waters, RM: A new intratracheal catheter.
Anesth & Analg 7:238–239, 1928.
411.
Gale J, Waters R: Closed endobronchial anesthesia
in thoracic surgery: Preliminary report. Anesth Analg 11:283–287, 1932.
412.
MaGill I: Anaesthesia in thoracic surgery, with
special reference to lobectomy. Proc R Soc Med 29:649–653, 1936.
413.
Carlens E: A new flexible double-lumen catheter
for bronchospirometry. J Thorac Surg 18:742–746, 1949.
414.
Robertshaw F: Low resistance double-lumen endobronchial
tubes. Br J Anaesth 34:576–579, 1962.
415.
Green R, Gordon W: Right lung anaesthesia. Anaesthesia
12:86–93, 1957.
416.
Murphy F: Two improved intratracheal catheters.
Anesth Analg 20:102–105, 1941.
417.
Kirstein A: Autoskopie des Larynx und der Trachea.
Berl Klin Wochenschr 32:476–478, 1895.
418.
Hirsch NP, Smith GB, Hirsch PO: Alfred Kirstein:
Pioneer of direct laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia 41:42–45, 1986.
419.
Jackson C: Tracheobronchoscopy, Esophagoscopy
and Gastroscopy. St Louis, CV Mosby, 1907.
420.
Garcia M: Observations on the human voice. Proc
R Soc Lond 7:399–410, 1854.
421.
Killian G: Ueber directe Brochoskopie. Munch
Med Wochenschr 45:844–847, 1898.
422.
Miller R: A new laryngoscope. Anesthesiology
2:317–320, 1941.
423.
Macintosh R: A new laryngoscope. Lancet 1:205,
1943.
424.
Brain A: The laryngeal mask: A new concept in
airway management. Br J Anaesth 55:801–805, 1983.
425.
Tyndall J: On some phenomena connected with the
motion of liquids. Philos Mag 8:74–76, 1854.
426.
Lamm H: Biegsame optische Geräte. Z Instrumentenk
50:579–581, 1930.
427.
Ikeda S, Yanai N, Ishidawa S: Flexible bronchofiberscope.
Keio J Med 17:1–18, 1968.
428.
Ikeda S: Atlas of Flexible Bronchofiberoscopy.
Baltimore, University Park Press, 1971.
429.
Curry J: Popular Observations on Apparent Death
from Drowning. Northampton, T Dicey and Co, 1792.
430.
Leroy J: Recherches sur l'asphyxie. J Physiol
Exp Pathol 7:45–65, 1827.
431.
Park R: A Treatise on Surgery, 3rd ed. New York,
Lea Brothers, 1901.
432.
Elam J, Greene DG, Brown ES, et al: Oxygen and
carbon dioxide exchange and energy cost of expired air resuscitation. JAMA 167:328–334,
1958.
433.
Lind B: Recent History of Resuscitation in Norway.
Anaesthesia—Essays on Its History. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1985.
434.
Waller A: A demonstration in man of electromotive
changes accompanying the heart's beat. J Physiol 8:229–234, 1887.
435.
Einthoven W: The string galvanometer and the
human electrocardiogram. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van
Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, Section of Sciences. 6:107–115, 1903.
436.
Herrick J: Clinical features of sudden obstruction
of the coronary arteries. JAMA 59:2015–2020, 1912.
437.
MacWilliam J: Fibrillar contraction of the heart.
J Physiol 8:296–310, 1887.
438.
MacWilliam J: Cardiac failure and sudden death.
Br Med J 1:6–8, 1889.
439.
Prevost J, Battelli F: La mort par les courants
electriques. J Physiol Pathol Gen 1:427, 1899.
440.
Beck C, Pritchard W, Feil H: Ventricular fibrillation
of long duration abolished by electric shock. JAMA 135:985–986, 1947.
441.
Starling E, Lane W: Case report. Lancet 2:1397,
1902.
442.
Keen W: A case of total laryngectomy (unsuccessful)
and a case of abdominal hysterectomy (successful), in both of which massage of the
heart for chloroform collapse was employed, with notes of 25 cases of cardiac massages.
Ther Gaz 28:217–230, 1904.
443.
Koenig F: Lehrbuch des Allgemeinen. Chirurgie,
Göttingen, 1883.
444.
Kouwenhoven W, Jude F, Knickerbocker G: Closed
chest cardiac massage. JAMA 173:1064–1067, 1960.
445.
Hayward G: Surgical Reports and Miscellaneous
Papers on Medical Subjects. Boston, Phillips, Sampson, 1855.
446.
Snow J: On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics;
Their Action and Administration. London, John Churchill, 1858.
447.
Beecher H: The first anesthesia death with some
remarks suggested by it on the fields of the laboratory and the clinic in the appraisal
of new anesthetic agents. Anesthesiology 2:443–449, 1941.
448.
Knight PR 3rd, Bacon DR: An unexplained death:
Hannah Greener and chloroform. Anesthesiology 96:1250–1253, 2002.
449.
Guedel A: Inhalation anesthesia: A fundamental
guide. New York, Macmillan, 1937.
450.
Lowenthal PJ, Russell A: Recovery room: Life
saving and economical. Anesthesiology 12:470–476, 1951.
451.
Mendelson C: The aspiration of stomach contents
into the lungs during obstetrical anesthesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 52:191–205,
1945.
452.
Dorrance G: On the treatment of traumatic injuries
of the lungs and pleura with the presentation of a new intratracheal tube for use
in artificial respiration. Surg Gynecol Obstet 11:160–187, 1910.
453.
Sellick B: Cricoid pressure to control regurgitation
of stomach contents during induction of anaesthesia. Lancet 2:404–406, 1961.
454.
Hunter J: Of persons apparently drowned. Philos
Trans R Soc Lond 66:415–425, 1776.
455.
Rendell-Baker L: Standards for anesthesia: The
issues. Contemp Anesth Pract 8:59–88, 1984.
456.
Bacon DR: The promise of one great anesthesia
society. Anesthesiology 80:929–935, 1994.
457.
Gaba DM, Howard SK: Patient safety: Fatigue
among clinicians and the safety of patients. N Engl J Med 347:1249–1255, 2002.
458.
Cooper JB, Gaba D: No myth: Anesthesia is a
model for addressing patient safety. Anesthesiology 97:1335–1337, 2002.
459.
Laennec RT: De l'auscultation mediate. Paris,
JA Brosson & JS Chaude, 1819.
460.
Smith C: An endo-esophageal stethoscope. Anesthesiology
15:566, 1954.
461.
Beecher HK: The first anesthesia records. Surg
Gynecol Obstet 71:789, 1940.
462.
Eichhorn JH, Cooper JB, Cullen DJ, et al: Standards
for patient monitoring during anesthesia at Harvard Medical School. JAMA 256:1017–1020,
1986.
463.
Denborough M, Lovell R: Anaesthetic deaths in
a family. Lancet 2:45, 1960.
464.
Sessler DI: Mild perioperative hypothermia.
N Engl J Med 336:1730–1737, 1997.
465.
Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R: Perioperative
normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization.
Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group. N Engl J Med 334:1209–1215,
1996.
466.
Orkin F: What do patients want? Preferences
for immediate postoperative recovery. Anesth Analg 74:S225, 1992.
467.
Watcha M, White P: Postoperative nausea and vomiting—Its
etiology, treatment, and prevention. Anesthesiology 77:162–184, 1992.
468.
Watcha M, Smith I: Cost-effectiveness analysis
of antiemetic therapy for ambulatory surgery. J Clin Anesth 6:370–377, 1994.
469.
Smith SM, Brown HO, Toman JEP, et al: The lack
of cerebral effects of D-tubocurarine. Anesthesiology
8:1–14, 1947.
470.
Blacher R: On awakening paralyzed during surgery.
A syndrome of traumatic neurosis. JAMA 234:67–68, 1975.
471.
Tunstall ME: Detecting wakefulness during general
anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br Med J 1:1321, 1977.
472.
Berger J: Über das Elektroenkephalogramm
des Menschen. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 87:527–570, 1929.
473.
Falconer AJ, Pender JW, Bickford. RG: The influence
of partial pressure of nitrous oxide on the depth of anesthesia and the electro-encephalogram
in man. Anesthesiology 10:601–609, 1949.
474.
Glass P, Bloom M, Kearse L, et al: Bispectral
analysis measures sedation and memory effects of propofol, midazolam, isoflurane,
and alfentanil in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 86:836–847, 1997.
475.
Richet C: De l'anaphysaxie en general et de l'anaphysoxie
par la mytilocongestine en particulier. Ann Inst Pasteur 21:497–524, 1907.
476.
Dragstedt C, Gebauer-Fuelnegg E: Studies in anaphylaxis.
Am J Physiol 102:512–526, 1932.
477.
Priestley J: Observations on different kinds
of air. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 62:147–264, 1772.
478.
Apgar V: A proposal for a new method of evaluation
of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anal Analg 32:260–267, 1953.
479.
Apgar V, Holaday DA. James LS, et al: Comparison
of regional and general anesthesia in obstetrics. JAMA 165:2155–2161, 1957.
480.
Guedel A: Nitrous oxide-air anesthesia self administered
in obstetrics; a preliminary report. Indianap Med J 14:476–479, 1911.
481.
Guedel AE: Third stage of ether anesthesia:
A sub-classification regarding the significance of the position and movements of
the eyeball. Nat Anesth Res Soc Bull 3:1–4, 1920.
482.
Rice N: Trials of a public benefactor, as illustrated
in the discovery of etherization. New York, Pudney & Russell, 1858.
483.
Lavoisier A: Traite Elementaire de Chimie. Paris,
Cuchet, 1789.
484.
Schomburgk R: On the Urare, the arrow poison
of the Indians of Guiana. Annu Mag Natl Hist 7:407, 1841.
485.
Guedel A: Ethyl Chloride-Chloroform-Ether Anesthesia
for Rapid Induction and Minor Surgery in War. In
McMechan FH (ed): Year Book of Anesthesia and Analgesia 1917–1918. New York,
Surgery Publishing Co.