 |
|
|
REFERENCES
151.
Hewer C, Hadfield C: Trichloroethylene as an
inhalation anaesthetic. Br Med J 1:924–927, 1941.
152.
Krantz JC: Anesthesia. XL. The anesthetic action
of trifluoroethyl vinyl ether. J Pharmacol 108:488–495, 1953.
153.
Raventós J: The action of Fluothane—A
new volatile anaesthetic. Br J Pharmacol 11:394–410, 1956.
154.
Johnstone MW: The human cardiovascular response
to Fluothane. Br J Anaesth 28:392–410, 1956.
155.
Virtue R, Payne KW: Postoperative death after
Fluothane. Anesthesiology 19:562–563, 1958.
156.
Lindenbaum J, Leifer E: Hepatic necrosis associated
with halothane anesthesia. N Engl J Med 268:525–530, 1963.
157.
Bunker JP: Final report of the National Halothane
Study. Anesthesiology 29:231–232, 1968.
158.
Crandell W, Pappas S, Macdonald A: Nephrotoxicity
associated with methoxyflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 27:591–607, 1966.
159.
Mazze RI, Shue GL, Jackson SH: Renal dysfunction
associated with methoxyflurane anesthesia: A randomized, prospective clinical evaluation.
JAMA 216:278–288, 1971.
160.
Kety S, Schmidt C: Nitrous oxide method for quantitative
determination of cerebral blood flow in man; theory, procedure and normal values.
J Clin Invest 27:476–483, 1948.
161.
Severinghaus JW: Methods of measurement of blood
and gas carbon dioxide during anesthesia. Anesthesiology 21:717–726, 1960.
162.
Eger EI 2nd, Saidman LJ, Brandstater B: Minimum
alveolar anesthetic concentration: A standard of anesthetic potency. Anesthesiology
26:756–763, 1965.
163.
Quasha A, Eger EI, Tinker J: Determination and
applications of MAC. Anesthesiology 53:315–334, 1980.
164.
Dobkin AB, Heinrich RG, Israel JS, et al: Clinical
and laboratory evaluation of a new inhalation agent: Compound 347 (CHF2-O-CF2-CHF
Cl). Anesthesiology 29:275–287, 1968.
165.
Stevens WC, Eger EI, Joas TA, et al: Comparative
toxicity of isoflurane, halothane, fluroxene and diethyl ether in human volunteers.
Can Anaesth Soc J 20:357–368, 1973.
166.
Eger EI 2nd, Johnson BH: Rates of awakening from
anesthesia with I-653, halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane: A test of the effect
of anesthetic concentration and duration in rats. Anesth Analg 66:977–982,
1987.
167.
Jones RM, Cashman JN, Eger EI 2nd, et al: Kinetics
and potency of desflurance (I-653) in volunteers. Anesth Analg 70:3–7, 1990.
168.
Katoh T, Ikeda K: The minimum alveolar concentration
(MAC) of sevoflurane in humans. Anesthesiology 66:301–303, 1987.
169.
Doi M, Ikeda K: Respiratory effects of sevoflurane.
Anesth Analg 66:241–244, 1987.
170.
Magendie F: Formulary for the Preparation and
Employment of Several New Remedies, 6th ed. Joseph Houlton, trans. London, T &
G Underwood, 1822.
171.
Sertürner F: Ueber das Morphium, eine neue
salzfähige Grundlage, und die Mekonsäure als Hauptbestandtheil des Opiums.
Gilberts Ann Physik 55:56–89, 1817.
172.
Rynd F: Neuralgia—introduction of fluid
to the nerve. Dublin Med Press 13:167–168, 1845.
173.
Wood A: Treatment of neuralgic pains by narcotic
injections. Br Med J 2:721–723, 1858.
174.
Howard-Jones N: The origins of hypodermic medication.
Sci Am 224:96–102, 1971.
175.
Schwidetzky O: History of needles and syringes.
Anesth Analg 23:34–38, 1944.
176.
Bernard C: Leçons sur les phénoménes
de la vie communs aux animaux et aux végétaux. Paris, Bailliére,
1879.
177.
Cannon W: The Wisdom of the Body. New York,
Norton, 1932.
178.
Hamburger H: Osmotischer Druck und Ionenlehre
in den Medicinischen Wissenschaften. Wiesbaden, JF Bergman, 1902.
179.
Starling E: On the absorption of fluids from
the connective tissue spaces. J Physiol 19:312–326, 1896.
180.
O'Shaughnessy W: Proposal of a new method of
treating the blue epidemic cholera by the injection of highly oxygenized salts into
the venous system. Lancet 1:366, 1831–1832.
181.
Schwarz E: Ueber den Werth der Infusion alcalischer
Kochsalzlosung in das Gefassystem bei acuter Anamie, Dissertation. Halle, Plotzsche
Buchsdruckerei, 1888.
182.
Astrup P, Bie P, Engell HC: Salt and Water in
Culture and Medicine. Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1993.
183.
Ringer S: Regarding the action of hydrate of
soda, hydrate of ammonia, and hydrate of potash on the ventricle of the frog's heart.
J Physiol 3:195–202, 1880.
184.
Coller F, Campbell K, Vaughan H, et al: Postoperative
salt intolerance. Ann Surg 119:533–542, 1944.
185.
Moyer CA: Acute temporary changes in renal function
associated with major surgical procedures. Surgery 27:198–207, 1950.
186.
Shires G, Williams J, Brown F: Changing concept
of salt water and surgery. Tex State J Med 55:753–756, 1959.
187.
Shires G, Brown F, Canizaro P, et al: Distributional
changes in extracellular fluid during acute hemorrhagic shock. Surg Forum 11:115–117,
1960.
188.
Jenkins M: History of sequestered edema associated
with surgical operations and trauma: Fluid and blood therapy in anesthesia. Philadelphia,
FA Davis, 1982.
189.
Denis JB: A letter concerning a new way of curing
sundry diseases by transfusion of blood. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 2:489–504,
1667.
190.
Blundell J: Experiments on the transfusion of
blood by the syringe. Med Chir Trans 9:56–92, 1818.
191.
Landsteiner K: Zur Kenntnis der antifermentativen,
lyteschen und agglutinierender Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphek. Centralbl
Bakteriol Parasit Infekt 27:357–362, 1900.
192.
Decastello A, Sturli A: Ueber die Isoagglutinine
im Serum gesunder und kranker Menschen. Munch Med Wochenschr 49:1090–1095,
1902.
193.
Hustin A: Note sur une nouvelle méthode
de transfusion. Bull Soc R Sci Med Brux 72:104–111, 1914.
194.
Rous P, Turner JR: The preservation of living
red blood cells in vitro. J Exp Med 23:219–248, 1916.
195.
Loutit J, Mollinson P: Advantages of a disodium-citrate
glucose mixture as a blood preservative. Br Med J 2:744–745, 1943.
196.
Laurie R: An apparatus for indicating the rate
of flow of saline solution in subcutaneous and rectal administration. Lancet 1:248,
1909.
197.
Lundy J: Clinical Anesthesia. A Manual of Clinical
Anesthesiology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1945.
198.
Brown A, Debenham M: Autotransfusion. Use of
blood from hemothorax. JAMA 96:1223–1225, 1931.
199.
Klebanoff G: Early clinical experience with a
disposable unit for the intraoperative salvage of reinfusion of blood loss. Am J
Surg 120:718–722, 1970.
200.
Klebanoff G, Rogers W: Clinical experience with
autotransfusion. Ann Surg 180:269–304, 1974.
201.
Orr M: Autotransfusion: The use of washed red
cells as an adjunct to component therapy. Surgery 84:728–732, 1978.
202.
Miller RD, Robbins TO, Tong MJ, Barton SL: Coagulation
defects associated with massive blood transfusions. Ann Surg 174:794–801,
1971.
203.
Blajchman MA, Herst R, Perrault RA: Blood component
therapy in anaesthetic practice. Can Anaesth Soc J 30:382–389, 1983.
204.
Robblee JA, Crosby E: Transfusion medicine issues
in the practice of anesthesiology. Transfus Med Rev 9:60–78, 1995.
205.
Bell B: A System of Surgery. Edinburgh, C Elliott,
1796.
206.
Richardson B: Reports and lectures on original
researches in scientific practical medicine. I. On a new mode of producting local
anaesthesia. Med Times Gaz 1:115–117, 1866.
207.
Gross SD: A System of Surgery; Pathological,
Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Operative, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Blanchard & Lea,
1864.
208.
Cobo B: Historia del Nuevo Mundo. Manuscrito
en Lima, Peru, libro 5: capitulo XXIX, 1653.
209.
Niemann A: Ueber eine organische Base in der
Coca. Ann Chem 124:213, 1860.
210.
Niemann A: Sur l'alcaloïde de coca. J Pharm
27:474–475, 1860.
211.
Anrep V: Ueber die physiologische Wirkung des
cocain. Pflugers Arch Physiol 21:38–77, 1880.
212.
Shoemaker J: Materia Medica and Therapeutics,
with Reference to the Clinical Application of Drugs. Philadelphia, FA Davis, 1893.
213.
Liljestrand G: Carl Koller and the development
of local anesthesia. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 299:3–29, 1967.
214.
Koller C: Vorläufige mittheilung über
locale anästhesirung am auge. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk 22:60–63, 1884.
215.
Koller C: On the use of cocaine for producing
anaesthesia on the eye. Lancet 2:990–994, 1884.
216.
Freud S: Ueber Coca. Centralblatt für die
gesamte Therapie 2:289–314, 1884.
217.
Hall RJ: Hydrochlorate of cocaine, NY Med J 40,
1884.
218.
Halsted WS: Practical comments on the use and
abuse of cocaine; suggested by its invariably successful employment in more than
a thousand minor surgical operations, NY Med J 42:294, 1885.
219.
Schleich C: Infiltrationsanästhesie (locale
Anästhesie) und ihr Verhältnis zur allgemeinen Narcose (Inhalationsanästhesie),
Verhandl D Deutsch Gesellsch F Chir 21:121–127, 1892.
220.
Coming JL: On the prolongation of the anaesthetic
effect of the hydrochlorate of cocaine, when subcutaneously injected. An experimental
study. N Y Med J 42:317–319, 1885.
221.
Braun H: Die Lokalanästhesie, ihre wissenschaflichen
Grundlagen und praktische Anwendung. Leipzig, Johann Barth, 1907, pp 102–104.
222.
Braun H: Ueber den Einfluss der Vitalitat der
Gewebe auf die ortlichen und allgemeinen Giftwirkungen localanasthesirender Mittel
und ueber die Bedeutung des Adrenalins fur die Localanasthesie. Arch Klin Chir 69:541,
1903.
223.
Braun H: Ueber einige neue örtliche Anaesthetica.
Deutsche Med 31:1667–1671, 1905.
224.
Hirschel G: Anesthesia of the brachial plexus
for operations on the upper extremity. Med Med Wochenschr 58:1555–1556, 1911.
225.
Pitkin G: Prolonged local or block anesthesia
with regulated cell reception. Anesth Analg 21:1–12, 83–95, 1942.
226.
de Jong R: Axillary block of the brachial plexus.
Anesthesiology 22:215–225, 1961.
227.
Kulenkampff D: Anesthesia of the brachial plexus.
Zentralbl Chir 38:1337–1340, 1911.
228.
Pauchet V, Sourdat P, Tabott G, et al: Regional
Anesthesia, 4th ed. Paris, Doin, 1928.
229.
Raj P, Montgomery S, Nettles D, Jenkins M: Infraclavicular
brachial plexus block—A new approach. Anesth Analg 52:897–904, 1973.
230.
Kappis M: Conduction anesthesia of the abdomen,
breast, arm and neck with paravertebral injection. Med Wochenschr 59:794–796,
1912.
231.
Etienne J. Regional Anesthesia: Its Application
in the Surgical Treatment of Cancer of the Breast. Paris, Faculté de Medecine
de Paris, 1925.
232.
Winnie A: Interscalene brachial plexus block.
Anesth Analg 49:455–466, 1970.
233.
Bier A: Ueber einen neuen Weg localanasthesie
in den gliedmaassen zu erzeugen [On a new technique to induce local anesthesia in
extremities]. Langenbecks Archiv Klin Chir 86:1007–1116, 1908.
234.
Wulf H: The centennial of spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 89:500–506, 1998.
235.
Bonica JJ: Basic principles in managing chronic
pain. Arch Surg 112:783–788, 1977.
236.
Pilowsky I, Chapman CR, Bonica JJ: Pain, depression,
and illness behavior in a pain clinic population. Pain 4:183–192, 1977.
237.
Einhorn A: Ueber die Chemie der lokalen Anästhetica.
Munch. Med Wochenschr 46:1218–1220, 1254–1256, 1899.
238.
Holmdahl M: Xylocaine (lidocaine, lignocaine),
its discovery and Gordh's contribution to its clinical use. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand
Suppl 113:8–12, 1998.
239.
Albright GA: Cardiac arrest following regional
anesthesia with etidocaine or bupivacaine. Anesthesiology 51:285–287, 1979.
240.
Ruetsch YA, Boni T, Borgeat A: From cocaine to
ropivacaine: The history of local anesthetic drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 1:175–182,
2001.
241.
Coming JL: Spinal anaesthesia and local medication
of the cord. N Y Med J 42:483, 1885.
242.
Marx GF: The first spinal anesthesia. Who deserves
the laurels? Reg Anesth 19:429–430, 1994.
243.
Quincke H: Die Lumbalpunktion des Hydrocephalus.
Berl Klin Wochenschr 28:929–933, 965–968, 1891.
244.
Wynter W: Lumbar puncture. Lancet 1:981–982,
1891.
245.
Bier A: Versuche uber Cocainisirung des Ruckenmarkes.
Dtsch Z Chir 51:361–369, 1899.
246.
Seldowitsch J: Über Kokainisierung des Rückenmarks
nach Bier. Centralb Chir 26:1110–1113, 1899.
247.
Tait D, Cagliari G: Experimental and clinical
notes on the subarachnoid space. Trans Med Soc St Calif:266–271, 1900.
248.
Tuffier T: Analgesie Chirurgicale par l'injection
sousarachnoidienne lombaire de cocaine. Soc Biol 11:882–884, 1899.
249.
Matas R: Local and regional anesthesia with cocaine
and other analgesic drugs, including the subarachnoid method, as applied in general
surgical practice. Phila Med J 6:820–843, 1900.
250.
Surgical anaesthesia by the injection of cocaine
into the lumbar subarachnoid space. Lancet 1:137–138, 1901.
251.
Morton A: The subarachnoid injection of cocaine
for operations on all parts of the body. Am Med 3:176–179, 1901.
252.
Jonnesco T: Remarks on general spinal analgesia.
Br Med J 4:1396–1401, 1909.
253.
Bier A: Das zurzeit an der Berliner chirurgischen
Universitätsklinik übliche Verfahren der Rückenmarksanästhesie.
Dtsch Z Chir 95:373–385, 1909.
254.
Goldan SO: Intraspinal cocainization for surgical
anesthesia. Phil Med J 6:850–857, 1900.
255.
Kitagawa O: On spinal anesthesia with cocaine.
J Jpn Soc Surg 3:185–191, 1901.
256.
Gumprecht F: Gefahren der Lumbalpunktion; plötzliche
Todesfalle danach. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 27:386–389, 1900.
257.
Cushing H: On routine determinations of arterial
tension in operating room and clinic. Boston Med Surg J 148:250–256, 1903.
258.
Gray H, Parsons L: Blood pressure variations
associated with lumbar puncture, and the induction of spinal anaesthesia. Q J Med
5:339–367, 1912.
259.
Barker A: Clinical experiences with spinal anesthesia
in 100 cases. Br Med J 23:665–674, 1907.
260.
Lee JA: Arthur Edward James Barker 1850–1916.
British pioneer of regional analgesia. Anaesthesia 34:885–891, 1979.
261.
Pitkin G: Conduction Anesthesia, 2nd ed. Philadelphia,
JB Lippincott, 1953.
262.
Cope R: The Wooley and Roe case. Anaesthesia
9:249–270, 1954.
263.
Kennedy F, Effron A, Perry G: The grave spinal
cord paralysis caused by spinal anesthesia: Surg Gynecol Obstet 91:385–398,
1950.
264.
Dripps R, Vandam L: Long term follow-up of patients
who received 10,098 spinal anesthetics. Failure to discover major neurological sequelae.
JAMA 156:1486–1491, 1954.
265.
Schneider M, Ettlin T, Kaufmann M, et al: Transient
neurologic toxicity after hyperbaric subarachnoid anesthesia with 5% lidocaine.
Anesth Analg 76:1154–1157, 1993.
266.
Freedman JM, Li DK, Drasner K, et al: Transient
neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia: An epidemiologic study of 1,863 patients.
Anesthesiology 89:633–641, 1998.
267.
Rigler ML, Drasner K, Krejcie TC, et al: Cauda
equina syndrome after continuous spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg 72:275–281,
1991.
268.
Vandam L, Dripps R: Long term follow-up of patients
who received 10,098 anesthetics. JAMA 161:586–591, 1956.
269.
Gormley J: Treatment of post-spinal headache.
Anesthesiology 21:565–566, 1960.
270.
DiGiovanni AJ, Dunbar BS: Epidural injections
of autologous blood for postlumbar-puncture headache. Anesth Analg 49:268–271,
1970.
271.
Sicard M: Les injections médicamenteuses
extradurales par voie sacro-coccygienne. C R Soc Dev Biol 53:396–398, 1901.
272.
Cathelin M: Une nouvelle voie d'injection rachidienne.
Methodes des injections epidurales par Ie precede du canal sacre. Applications
a l'homme. C R Soc Dev Biol 53:452–453, 1901.
273.
Läwen A: Über die Verwertung der Sakralanästhesie
fur chirurgische Operationen. Zentralbl Chir 37:708, 1910.
274.
Heile B: Der epidurale Raum. Arch Klin Chir
101:845–877, 1913.
275.
Tuffier T: Analgesie cocainique par voie extradurale.
C R Soc Biol Paris 53:490–492, 1901.
276.
Pagés MF: Anestesia metamérica.
Rev Sanid Milit 11:351–365, 389–396, 1921.
277.
Dogliotti AM: Eine neue Methode der regionären
Anästhesie: Die peridurale segmentäre Anästhesie. Zentralbl Chir
58:3141–3145, 1931.
278.
Bromage P: The "hanging drop" sign. Anaesthesia
8:237–241, 1953.
279.
Dogliotti AM: Anesthesia. Chicago, SB Debour,
1939.
280.
Flagg P: The art of anaesthesia, 7th ed. Philadelphia,
JB Lippincott, 1954.
281.
Odom C: Epidural anesthesia. Am J Surg 34:547–558,
1936.
282.
Harger J, Christofferson EA, Stokes AJ: Peridural
anesthesia: A consideration of 1000 cases. Am J Surg 52:24–31, 1941.
283.
Crawford O, Buckingham WW, Ottosen P, Brasher
CA: Peridural anesthesia in thoracic surgery: A review of 677 cases. Anesthesiology
12:73–84, 1951.
284.
Lemmon W: A method for continuous spinal anesthesia:
A preliminary report. Ann Surg 111:141–144, 1940.
285.
Tuohy E: Continuous spinal anesthesia: Its usefulness
and technic involved. Anesthesiology 5:142–148, 1944.
286.
Curbelo MM: Continuous peridural segmental anesthesia
by means of a ureteral catheter. Anesth Analg 28:13–23, 1949.
287.
Edwards WB, Hingson RA: Continuous caudal anesthesia
in obstetrics. Am J Surg 57:459–464, 1942.
288.
Bromage P: Epidural analgesia. Philadelphia,
WB Saunders, 1979.
289.
Bonica J: Regional Anesthesia: Recent Advances
and Current Status. Philadelphia, Davis, 1969.
290.
Moore D: Regional Block. Springfield, IL, CC
Thomas, 1953.
291.
Cousins M, Bridenbaugh P: Neural Blockade. Philadelphia,
JB Lippincott, 1980.
292.
Wang JK, Nauss LA, Thomas JE: Pain relief by
intrathecally applied morphine in man. Anesthesiology 50:149–151, 1979.
293.
Yaksh TL, Rudy TA: Analgesia mediated by a direct
spinal action of narcotics. Science 192:1357–1358, 1976.
294.
Duggan AW, North RA: Electrophysiology of opioids.
Pharmacol Rev 35:219–281, 1983.
295.
Atweh S, Kuhar M: Autoradiographic localization
of opiate receptors in rat brain. Brain Res 124:53–67, 1977.
296.
Samii K, Chauvin M, Viars P: Postoperative spinal
analgesia with morphine. Br J Anaesth 53:817–820, 1981.
297.
Cousins MJ, Mather LE, Glynn CJ, et al: Selective
spinal analgesia. Lancet 1:1141–1142, 1979.
298.
Behar M, Magora F, Olshwang D, Davidson JT: Epidural
morphine in treatment of pain. Lancet 1:527–529, 1979.
299.
Ready LB, Oden R, Chadwick HS, et al: Development
of an anesthesiology-based postoperative pain management service. Anesthesiology
68:100–106, 1988.
300.
Wang C, Chakrabarti MK, Whitwam JG: Specific
enhancement by fentanyl of the effects of intrathecal bupivacaine on nociceptive
afferent but not on sympathetic efferent pathways in dogs. Anesthesiology 79:766–773,
discussion 25A, 1993.
