Figure 11-24 Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacokinetics of sufentanil. Sufentanil was administered as a 30 µg/kg bolus (group I), a 10 µg/kg/minute infusion (group II), a 20 µg/kg bolus followed by a 0.1 µg/kg/minute infusion (group III), and a 40 µg/kg bolus followed by a 0.2 µg/kg/minute infusion (group IV). (From Okutani R, Philbin DM, Rosow CE, et al: Effect of hypothermic hemodilutional cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma sufentanil and catecholamine concentrations in humans. Anesth Analg 67:667–670, 1988.)