Figure 11-3 Intracellular signal transduction mechanisms linked with the opioid receptors. Opioid agonists bind with the opioid receptors, leading to activation of the G-protein. Activity of adenylate cyclase and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels is suppressed. On the other hand, inward rectifier K+ channels and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade are activated. AMP, adenosine monophosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate.


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