Figure 58-11 Management of failed intubation in pregnancy with reference to the presence or absence of fetal distress. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists. (Redrawn from Reisner LS, Benumof JL, Cooper SD: The difficult airway: Risk, prophylaxis, and management. In Chestnut DH [ed]: Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. St Louis, CV Mosby, 1999, p 607.)