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REFERENCES

1. Cheney FW, Domino KB, Caplan RA, et al: Nerve injury associated with anesthesia. Anesthesiology 90:1062–1069, 1999.

2. ASA Task Force on Prevention of Perioperative Peripheral Neuropathies: Practice advisory for the prevention of perioperative peripheral neuropathies. Anesthesiology 92:1168–1182, 2000.

3. Froese AB, Bryan AC: Effects of anesthesia and paralysis on diaphragmatic mechanics in man. Anesthesiology 41:242–255, 1974.

4. Kleinman BS, Frey K, VanDrunen M, et al: Motion of the diaphragm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease while spontaneously breathing versus during positive pressure breathing after anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesiology 97:298–305, 2002.

5. Krayer S, Rehder K, Vettermann J, et al: Position and motion of the human diaphragm during anesthesia-paralysis. Anesthesiology 70:891–898, 1989.

6. Warner DO, Warner MA, Ritman EL: Human chest wall function while awake and during halothane anesthesia. I. Quiet breathing. Anesthesiology 82:6–19, 1995.

7. Dylewsky W, McAlpine FS: Peripheral nervous system. In Martin JT, Warner MA (eds): Positioning in Anesthesia and Surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1997.

8. Warner MA: Perioperative neuropathies. Mayo Clinic Proc 73:567–574, 1998.

9. Coppieters MW, Van De Velde M, Stappaerts KH: Positioning in anesthesiology. Anesthesiology 97:75–81, 2002.

10. Preilipp RC, Morell RC, Walker FO, et al: Ulnar nerve pressure. Anesthesiology 91:345–354, 1999.

11. Caplan RA: Will we ever understand perioperative neuropathy? A fresh approach offers hope and insight. Anesthesiology 91:335–336, 1999.

12. Warner MA, Martin JT, Schroeder DR, et al: Lower-extremity motor neuropathy associated with surgery performed on patients in a lithotomy position. Anesthesiology 81:6–12, 1994.

13. Contreras MG, Warner MA, Charboneau WJ, et al: The anatomy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow: Potential relationship of acute ulnar neuropathy to gender differences. Clin Anat 11:372–378, 1998.

14. Warner MA, Warner ME, Martin JT: Ulnar neuropathy: Incidence, outcome, and risk factors in sedated or anesthetized patients. Anesthesiology 81:1332–1340, 1994.

15. Warner MA, Warner DO, Matsumoto JY, et al: Ulnar neuropathy in surgical patients. Anesthesiology 90:54–59, 1999.

16. Warner MA, Warner DO, Harper CM, et al: Ulnar neuropathy in medical patients. Anesthesiology 92:613–615, 2000.

17. Stoelting RK: Postoperative ulnar nerve palsy—Is it a preventable complication? Anesth Analg 76:7–9, 1993.

18. Contreras MG, Warner MA, Carmicheal SW, et al: Perioperative anterior interosseous neuropathy. Anesthesiology 96:243–245, 2002.

19. Warner MA, Martin JT, Schroeder DR, et al: Lower-extremity motor neuropathy associated with surgery performed on patients in a lithotomy position. Anesthesiology 81:6–12, 1994.

20. Warner MA, Warner DO, Harper CM, et al: Lower extremity neuropathies associated with lithotomy positions. Anesthesiology 93:938–942, 2000.

21. Pollock JE, Neal JM, Stephenson CA, et al: Prospective study of the incidence of transient radicular irritation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 84:1361–1367, 1996.

22. Warner MA: Perioperative neuropathies in the lower extremities. In Faust RJ (ed): Anesthesiology Review, 3rd ed. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 2002.

23. Cucchiara RF, Black S: Corneal abrasion during anesthesia surgery. Anesthesiology 69:978–979, 1988.

24. Williams EL, Hart WM, Tempelhoff R: Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy. Anesth Analg 80:1018–1029, 1995.

25. Brown RH, Schauble JF, Miller NR: Anemia and hypotension as contributors to perioperative loss of vision. Anesthesiology 80:222–226, 1994.

26. Nuttall GA, Garrity JA, Dearani JA, et al: Risk factors for ischemic optic neuropathy after cardiopulmonary bypass: A matched case/control study. Anesth Analg 93:1410–1416, 2001.

27. Warner ME, Warner, MA, Garrity JA, et al: The frequency of perioperative vision loss. Anesth Analg 93:1417–1421, 2001.

28. Warner ME, LaMaster LM, Thoeming AK, et al: Compartment syndrome in surgical patients. Anesthesiology 94:705–708, 2001.

29. Lachiewicz PF, Latimer HA: Rhabdomyolysis following total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br 73:576–579, 1991.

30. Smith JW, Pellicci PM, Sharrock N, et al: Complications after total hip replacement: The contralateral limb. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71:528–535, 1991.

31. Deem S, Shapiro HM, Marshall LF: Quadriplegia in a patient with cervical spondylosis after thoracolumbar surgery in the prone position. Anesthesiology 75:527–528, 1991.

32. Wilcox S, Vandam LD: Alas, poor Trendelenburg and his position! A critique of its uses and effectiveness. Anesth Analg 67:574–578, 1998.

33. Sprung J, Whalley DG, Falcone T, et al: The impact of morbid obesity, pneumoperitoneum, and posture on respiratory system mechanics and oxygenation during laparoscopy. Anesth Analg 94:1345–1350, 2002.


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34. Oliver SB, Cucchiara RF, Warner MA, et al: Unexpected focal neurologic deficit on emergence from anesthesia: A report of three cases. Anesthesiology 67:823–826, 1987.

35. Winter R, Munro M: Lingual and buccal nerve neuropathy in a patient in the prone position: A case report. Anesthesiology 71:452–454, 1989.

36. Martin JT: The prone position: Anesthesiologic considerations. In Martin JT (ed): Positioning in Anesthesia and Surgery, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1987.

37. Hynson JM, Tung A, Guevara JE, et al: Complete airway obstruction during arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Anesth Analg 76:875–878, 1993.

38. Black S, Ockert DB, Oliver WC, et al: Outcome following posterior fossa craniectomy in patients in the sitting or horizontal position. Anesthesiology 69:49–56, 1988.

39. Young ML, Smith DS, Murtagh F, et al: Comparison of surgical and anesthetic complications in neurosurgical patients experiencing venous air embolism in the sitting position. Neurosurgery 18:157–161, 1986.

40. Duke DA, Lynch JJ, Harner SG, et al: Venous air embolism in sitting and supine patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma resection. Neurosurgery 42:1282–1286, 1998.

41. Gravenstein N, Grundy BL, Lobato EB: The central nervous system. In Martin JT, Warner MA (eds): Positioning in Anesthesia and Surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1997.

42. Warner MA: Positioning of the head and neck. In Martin JT, Warner MA (eds): Positioning in Anesthesia and Surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1997.


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