REFERENCES

1. Schwinn DA, Booth JV: Genetics infuses new life into human physiology: Implications of the Human Genome Project for anesthesiology and perioperative medicine. Anesthesiology 96:261–263, 2002.

2. Angell M: The American health care system revisited—A new series. N Engl J Med 340:48, 1999.

3. Kutter R: The American health care system: Health insurance coverage. N Engl J Med 340:163–168, 1999.

4. Moon M: Medicare. N Engl J Med 344:928–931, 2001.

5. Klein SM, Greengrass RA, Gleason DH, et al: Major ambulatory surgery with continuous regional anesthesia and a disposable infusion pump. Anesthesiology 19:563–570, 1999.

6. Dorsey ER, Jarjoura D, Rutecki GW: Influence of controllable lifestyle on recent trends in specialty choice by US medical students. JAMA 290:1173–1178, 2003.

7. American Board of Anesthesiology: Booklet of Information. Raleigh, NC: American Board of Anesthesiology, 2004.

8. Abenstein JP, Warner MA: Anesthesia providers, patient outcomes, and costs. Anesth Analg 82:1273–1283, 1996.

9. Zambricki CS: "Anesthesia providers, patient outcomes, and costs": The AANA responds to the Abenstein and Warner article in the June 1996 Anesthesia and Analgesia. AANA J 64:413–463, 1996.

10. Silber JH, Kennedy SK, Even-Shoshan O, et al: Anesthesiologist direction and patient outcomes. Anesthesiology 93:152–163, 2000.

11. Silber JH, Kennedy SK, Even-Shoshan O, et al: Anesthesiologist board certification and patient outcomes. Anesthesiology 96:1044–1052, 2002.

12. Pine M, Holt KD, Lou Y-B: Surgical mortality and type of anesthesia provider. AANA J 71:109–116, 2003.

13. Fischer SP: Development and effectiveness of an anesthesia preoperative evaluation clinic in a teaching hospital. Anesthesiology 85:196–206, 1996.

14. Roizen MF: Cost-effective preoperative laboratory testing. JAMA 271:319–320, 1994.

15. Roizen MF: Preoperative evaluation: A shared vision for change. J Clin Anesth 9:435–463, 1997.

16. Klafta JM, Roizen MF: Current understanding of patients' attitudes toward and preparation for anesthesia: A review. Anesth Analg 83:1314–1321, 1996.

17. Eagle KA, Berger PB, Calkins H, et al: ACC/AHA Guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for non cardiac surgery—Executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Anesth Analg 94:1052–1064, 2002.

18. Fleisher LA: Evaluation of the patient with cardiac disease undergoing noncardiac surgery: an update on the original AHA/ACC guidelines. Int Anesthesiol Clin 40:109–120, 2002.

19. Needlestick-prevention devices. Focus on blood collection devices and catheters. Health Devices 27:184–232, 1998.

20. Overdyk FJ, Harvey SC, Fishman RL, Shippey F: Successful strategies for improving operating room efficiency at academic institutions. Anesth Analg 86:896–906, 1998.

21. Truong A, Tessler MJ, Kleiman SJ, Bensimon M: Late operating room starts: Experience with an education trial. Can J Anaesth 43:1233–1236, 1996.

22. Dexter F, Wachtel RE, Yue JCh: Use of discharge abstract databases to differentiate among pediatric hospitals based on operative procedures: Surgery in infants and young children in the state of Iowa. Anesthesiology 99:480–487, 2003.

23. Dexter F, Epstein RH: Scheduling of cases in an ambulatory center. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 21:1387–1402, 2003.

24. Dexter F, Traub RD, Qian F: Comparison of statistical methods to predict the time to complete a series of surgical cases. J Clin Monit Comput 15:45–51, 1999.

25. Surgical Procedures, 1981–2007. Chicago: SMG Marketing Group, Verispan, January 2001.

26. Kaufman L: Olivia Goldsmith Is Dead at 54; Wrote Comic "First Wives Club." New York Times, January 16, 2004.

27. Rao RB, Ely SF, Hoffman RS: Deaths related to liposuction. N Engl J Med 340:1471–1475, 1999.

28. Office-Based Anesthesia—Considerations for Anesthesiologists in Setting Up and Maintaining a Safe Office Anesthesia Environment. The American Society of Anesthesiologists, May 10, 2002.

29. Epstein BS: The American Society of Anesthesiologist's efforts in developing guidelines for sedation and analgesia for nonanesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 98:1261–1269, 2003.

30. Apfelbaum JL, Walawander CA, Grasela TH, et al: Eliminating intensive postoperative care in same-day surgery patients using short-acting anesthetics. Anesthesiology 97:66–74, 2002.

31. Dexter F, Tinker JH: Analysis of strategies to decrease postanesthesia care unit costs. Anesthesiology 82:94–101, 1995.

32. Bendixen HH, Egbert L, Hedley-Whyte J, et al: Respiratory Care. St. Louis: Mosby, 1965.

33. Pronovost PJ, Jenckes MW, Dorman T, et al: Organizational characteristics of intensive care units related to outcomes. JAMA 281:1310, 1999.

34. Orkin FK: Work force planning for anesthesia care. Int Anesthesiol Clin 33:101, 1995.

35. Pasko T, Seidman B: Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2002–2003. Chicago, American Medical Association, 2002.

36. Rosenbach M, Cromwell J: A profile of anesthesia practice patterns. Health Affairs 7:118–131, 1988.

37. The Registered Nurse Population: Findings from the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Washington: Bureau of Health Professions, Department of Health and Human Services, 2001.

38. Orkin FK: Rural realities. Anesthesiology 88:568–571, 1998.

39. Rex DK, Overly C, Kinser K, et al: Safety of propofol administered by registered nurses with gastroenterologist supervision in 2000 endoscopic cases. Am J Gastroenterology 97:1159–1163, 2002.

40. Orkin FK: Moving toward value-based anesthesia care. J Clin Anesth 5:91–98, 1993.

41. Naylor CD: What is appropriate care? N Engl J Med 338:1918–1920, 1998.

42. Wennberg JE, Cooper MM (eds): The Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. Chicago, American Hospital Publishing, 1998.

43. Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, et al: The implications of regional variations in Medicare spending. Part 1: The content, quality, and accessibility of care. Ann Intern Med 138:273–287, 2003.

44. Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, et al: The implications of regional variations in Medicare spending. Part 2: Health outcomes and satisfaction with care. Ann Intern Med 138:288–298, 2003.

45. Orkin FK: Practice standards: The Midas touch or the emperor's new clothes? [editorial]. Anesthesiology 70:567–571, 1989.

46. Reinhardt U: Health Care Quality Management for the 21st Century. Tampa, FL, American College of Physician Executives, 1991.

47. Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress: Strategies for Medical Technology Assessment, 3rd ed. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982.

48. Orkin FK: Outcomes research in anesthesia. Adv Anesthes 16:99–128, 1999.

66