Ocular Effects

The use of fentanyl, sufentanil, and alfentanil during induction of anesthesia can help prevent increases in intraocular pressure. Fentanyl, alfentanil, and sufentanil doses as small as 2.5, 10, and 0.1 µg/kg, respectively, may be sufficient as long as appropriate anesthetic depth is achieved prior to tracheal intubation. Remifentanil (1 µg/kg) combined with propofol (2 mg/kg) or thiopental (5 mg/kg) was reported to be effective for prevention of intraocular pressure changes after succinylcholine and tracheal intubation.^{[287] [288]}