V

Contributors

Professor and Vice Chair for Education,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Alabama School of Medicine,
University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama

Staff Anesthesiologist,
Western Washington Medical Group,
Providence Everett Medical Center,
Everett, Washington

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology,
University of Virginia School of Medicine,
Charlottesville, Virginia

Glencoe, Illinois

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,
SAMU de Paris,
Hôspital Necker-Enfants Malades,
Paris, France

Assistant Clinical Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor and Head,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Arizona College of Medicine,
Tucson, Arizona

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine,
Rochester, Minnesota;
Consultant in Anesthesia,
Mayo Clinic,
Jacksonville, Florida

Assistant Clinical Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University;
Attending Anesthesiologist,
Hospital for Special Surgery,
New York, New York

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of California, San Diego,
School of Medicine,
San Diego, California

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia (Pediatrics),
Harvard Medical School;
Chief,
Division of Pain Medicine,
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine,
Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts

Assistant Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology;
Associate Director,
Institute for Women,
University of Miami School of Medicine;
Chief,
Women's Anesthesia,
Jackson Memorial Medical Center,
Miami, Florida

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Alabama School of Medicine,
University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama

Associate Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Alabama at Birmingham,
School of Medicine;
Chief of Anesthesiology,
Department of Veterans Affairs,
Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Birmingham, Alabama

Professor and Head,
Department of Anesthesia,
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine,
Iowa City, Iowa

Visiting Assistant Professor,
University of Miami School of Medicine,
Miami, Florida

Professor and Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Utah School of Medicine,
Salt Lake City, Utah

VI

Professor and Chairman,
Department of Anesthesiology,
State University of New York Upstate Medical University;
Attending Anesthesiologist and Director,
Hyperbaric Treatment Unit,
University Hospital;
Attending Anesthesiologist,
Veterans Affairs Medical Center;
Consultant,
Crouse Hospital,
Syracuse, New York;
Attending Anesthesiologist,
Specialty Surgery Center,
Liverpool, New York

Professor,
Departments of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
Vice Chairman,
Director of Research,
Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology,
Children's Memorial Hospital,
Chicago, Illinois

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine,
Rochester, Minnesota;
Consultant and Professor,
Mayo Clinic,
Jacksonville, Florida

Associate Professor,
Department of Anesthesia,
Laval University,
Quebec City;
Anesthesiologist,
Center Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec,
Sainte Foy,
Quebec, Canada

Adult Clinical Team Leader,
Department of Respiratory Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor,
Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery,
University of Pennsylvania;
Director,
Fellowship in Critical Care;
Director,
Fellowship in Anesthesia/Critical Care Research;
and Attending Physician,
Surgical Critical Care Service,
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Director,
Quad-Institutional Pain Fellowship,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University,
New York, New York

Staff Anesthesiologist,
North Shore Cataract and Laser Center,
Stoneham, Massachusetts

Staff Anesthesiologist,
Department of General Anesthesiology,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, Ohio

Professor and Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of California, San Diego,
School of Medicine,
San Diego, California

Associate Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Maryland School of Medicine;
Director of Trauma Anesthesiology,
R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center,
University of Maryland Medical System,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Associate Professor,
Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Toxicology,
Medical College of Wisconsin;
Director,
Pediatric Anesthesia Research,
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine;
Consultant in Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota

Helen Shafer Fly Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology and Head,
Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas

Head,
Section of Anesthesia,
Cole Eye Institute,
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, Ohio

Robert Dunning Dripps Professor and Chair of Anesthesia,
Professor of Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Staff Anesthesiologist,
Padre Hurtado General Hospital,
Santiago de Chile, Chile

Department of Anesthesia,
Kyoto University Hospital,
Kyoto, Japan

Associate Dean for Immersive and Simulation-Based Learning and Professor of Anesthesia,
Stanford University School of Medicine;
Director,
Patient Simulation Center of Innovation,
VA Palo Alto Health Care System,
Palo Alto, California

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Virginia;
Attending Anesthesiologist,
University of Virginia Health Systems,
Charlottesville, Virginia

VII

Professor and Chairman Emeritus,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts

Professor and Chairman,
Department of Anesthesiology,
State University of New York at Stony Brook;
Anesthesiologist-in-Chief,
University Hospital at State University of New York at Stony Brook,
Stony Brook, New York

Assistant Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care,
University of Chicago;
Medical Director,
Postanesthesia Care Unit,
University of Chicago Hospitals,
Chicago, Illinois

Professor of Medicine and Pathology and Immunology,
Department of Pathology,
Washington University School of Medicine;
Director of the Blood Bank,
Barnes-Jewish Hospital,
St. Louis, Missouri

Assistant Clinical Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor of Anesthesia and Pediatrics,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Chair and Anesthesiologist-in-Chief,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Professor Emeritus,
Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics,
University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine,
San Francisco, California

Professor Emeritus,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of California, Davis,
School of Medicine,
Davis, California

Professor,
Departments of Anesthesia and Physiology,
University of California, San Francisco;
Director,
Critical Care Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Department of Respiratory Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons;
Director,
Cardiac Anesthesia,
St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center,
New York, New York

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine,
Rochester, Minnesota

Attending Anesthesiologist,
Boys Town National Research Hospital,
Omaha, Nebraska

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Consultant,
The Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine,
University of Liège;
Head,
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine,
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liege,
Liege, Belgium

Professor and Chairman and Program Director,
Department of Anesthesiology,
and Professor,
Department of Pharmacology,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center,
Lubbock, Texas

Professor,
Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology,
Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor and Vice Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Kansas University School of Medicine;
Medical Director,
Operating Rooms,
Kansas University Medical Center,
Kansas City, Kansas

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine;
Staff Anesthesiologist,
Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
San Francisco, California

Clinical Associate Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Vermont School of Medicine,
Burlington, Vermont;
Director of Pediatric Anesthesiology,
Maine Medical Center,
Portland, Maine

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center,
Lubbock, Texas

VIII

Clinical Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
and Clinical Professor,
Moffitt-Long Hospitals,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University;
Attending Anesthesiologist,
New York Presbyterian Hospital,
New York, New York

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco;
Attending Anesthesiologist,
University of California,
San Francisco Affiliated Hospitals,
San Francisco, California

Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesia,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine,
San Francisco, California

Emanuel M. Papper Professor and Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management,
University of Miami School of Medicine,
and Professor,
Department of Management,
University of Miami School of Business;
Chief of Staff,
Jackson Health System,
Miami, Florida

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Health Research and Policy,
Stanford University School of Medicine;
Director,
Fellowship in Management of Perioperative Services,
Department of Anesthesia,
Stanford University Medical Center,
Stanford, California

Professor,
Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurosurgery,
University of Florida College of Medicine;
Anesthesiology Residency Program Director,
Shands Hospital at the University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida

Department of Anesthesiology,
New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center,
New York, New York

Professor and Vice Chairman,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Duke University School of Medicine;
Chief,
Anesthesiology Service,
Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina

Associate Professor,
Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Harvard Medical School;
Anesthetist and Director,
Clinical and Biochemical Pharmacology Laboratory,
Massachusetts General Hospital;
Anesthetist-in-Chief,
Shriners Hospital for Children,
Boston, Massachusetts

Assistant Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,
University of Maryland School of Medicine;
Medical Director of Neurotrauma Critical Care and Physician Director of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies,
R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center,
University of Maryland Medical System,
Baltimore, Maryland

Resident,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine,
Charleston, South Carolina

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine,
Rochester, Minnesota

Eric A. Walker Professor and Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine,
Milton S. Hershey Medical Center,
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Professor and Chair,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
Professor of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology,
University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine,
San Francisco, California

Professor,
Department of Anaesthesia,
Copenhagen University Hospital,
Rigshospitalet,
Copenhagen, Denmark

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Duke University School of Medicine;
Anesthesiologist,
Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina

Professor of Anesthesiology,
Associate Professor of Medicine,
Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine,
and Attending Anesthesiologist and Pulmonologist,
and Medical Director,
Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology,
Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina

IX

Department of Anesthesia,
Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital,
Takamatsu, Japan

Professor of the College,
The University of Chicago,
Pritzker School of Medicine;
Professor and Vice Chairman for Research,
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care,
The University of Chicago Hospitals,
Chicago, Illinois

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,
Bethesda, Maryland

Vice Chairman,
Faculty Development and Education,
and Anesthesiologist,
Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine,
Boston, Massachusetts

Professor of Anesthesia,
University of Iowa;
Professor,
University of Iowa Health Care,
Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine,
Iowa City, Iowa

Department of Anesthesiology,
Kansai Medical University,
Osaka, Japan

Assistant Professor,
Department of Anesthesia,
University of Pennsylvania;
Attending Physician,
Surgical Critical Care Service,
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Clinical Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor of Anesthesia,
University of Pennsylvania,
Director,
School of Medicine;
Director,
Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia,
and Attending Anesthesiologist,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Assistant Professor in Residence,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine,
San Francisco, California

Assistant Professor and Director of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology,
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York, New York

Associate Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions;
Director,
Vascular and Endovascular Anesthesia,
The Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia,
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Chief,
Cardiac Anesthesia,
The Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore, Maryland

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology,
Rush Medical College;
Director,
Cardiothoracic Anesthesia,
Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois

Professor of Anesthesiology and Health Evaluation Sciences,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine;
Anesthesiologist,
Milton S. Hershey Medical Center,
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Director,
Cardiac Anesthesia,
and Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Medical College of Wisconsin;
Professor of Biomedical Engineering,
Marquette University,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia,
University of California, San Diego;
Staff Anesthesiologist,
Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
San Diego, California

Assistant Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Staff,
John Hopkins Bayview Medical Center,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor,
Department of Molecular Biosciences;
Director,
Center for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention,
University of California, Davis,
Davis, California

Associate Professor,
Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and Surgery,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
School of Public Health,
and School of Nursing;
Medical Director,
Center for Innovations in Quality Patient Care,
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions,
Baltimore, Maryland

Clinical Fellow,
Department of Critical Care Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

X

Director,
Center for Patient Safety and Simulation TuPASS,
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine,
University of Tuebingen Medical School and University Hospital,
Tuebingen, Germany

Professor of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery and Director of Clinical Research,
State University of New York at Stony Brook,
Stony Brook, New York

Vice President for Medical Affairs and Dean,
Medical University of South Carolina School of Medicine,
Charleston, South Carolina

Professor,
Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine,
State University of New York Upstate Medical University;
President,
CNY Biotechnology Corporation,
Syracuse, New York

Professor of Anesthesiology,
Internal Medicine, and Surgery and Vice Chairman for Academic Affairs,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Yale University School of Medicine,
New Haven, Connecticut

Associate Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Chief,
Department of Neuroanesthesia,
University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
and Associate Dean,
Rush Medical College;
Medical Director,
Surgical Intensive Care Unit,
Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois

Professor of Anesthesiology and Director of Pain Medicine Service,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Virginia School of Medicine,
Charlottesville, Virginia

Associate Professor,
Departments of Anesthesiology and Cardiology,
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center;
Adjunct Assistant Professor,
Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology,
University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center;
Associate Anesthesiologist,
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center,
Houston, Texas

Joseph F. Artusio, Jr. Professor and Chairman,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University;
Anesthesiologist-in-Chief,
Department of Anesthesia,
New York Presbyterian Hospital,
New York, New York

Clinical Professor of Anesthesia,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Director of Education and Program Director,
Pediatric Anesthesiology Residency,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology,
Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology,
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York, New York

James B. Duke Professor of Anesthesiology,
Professor of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Professor of Surgery,
Vice Chairman for Research,
and Director of Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory and Perioperative Genomics,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Duke University Medical Center,
Durham, North Carolina

Professor of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology,
Vice Dean for Research,
Associate Vice President for Health Affairs,
Director of Outcomes Research Institute,
and Lolita and Samuel Weakley Distinguished University Chair,
University of Louisville,
Louisville, Kentucky

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia,
Stanford University School of Medicine,
Stanford, California;
Adjunct Professor of Biopharmaceutical Science,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California;
Staff Anesthesiologist,
VA Palo Alto Health Care System,
Palo Alto, California

Assistant Clinical Professor of Anesthesia,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University;
Attending Anesthesiologist,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Hospital for Special Surgery,
New York, New York

Professor and Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Kansai Medical University,
Moriguchi,
Osaka, Japan

Associate Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Chair,
Department of Anesthesia,
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor of Anesthesiology and Vice Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons;
Director,
Cardiothoracic and Surgical Intensive Care Units,
Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center of the New York Presbyterian Hospital,
New York, New York

XI

Professor and Director of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia,
Virginia Commonwealth University Reanimation Engineering Shock Center,
Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, Virginia

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia,
Stanford University School of Medicine,
Stanford, California

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine;
Co-Director,
Surgical Intensive Care Unit,
Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center,
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiologist,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota

Associate Professor of Anesthesia,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Chief Medical Officer,
Attending Anesthesiologist,
and Associate Anesthesiologist-in-Chief,
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Professor of Anesthesia (Pharmacology),
Harvard Medical School;
Vice Chair for Research,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Perioperative and Pain Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts

Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, Ohio

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics,
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons;
Chief,
Pediatric Anesthesiology,
Children's Hospital of New York,
New York, New York

Clinical Associate Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Assistant Professor and Director,
Malignant Hyperthermia Diagnostic Laboratory,
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,
University of California, Davis,
School of Medicine,
Davis, California

Topkins-Van Poznak Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University;
Vice Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Weill Cornell Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital,
New York, New York

Professor of Anesthesiology,
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons;
Chairman,
St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center,
New York, New York

Professor and Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Professor of Anesthesia (Pediatrics) and Professor of Medical Ethics,
Harvard Medical School;
Division Chief,
Critical Care Medicine,
Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts

Professor of Anesthesiology,
Rush Medical College;
Vice Chair,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Rush University Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois

Professor,
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology,
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine,
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Assistant Professor and Director of the Perioperative Echocardiography Service,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Department of Internal Medicine,
Division of Cardiology,
University of Utah School of Medicine;
Director of Cardiology,
Echocardiography Laboratory,
Veterans Administration Hospital,
Salt Lake City, Utah

Assistant Professor,
Department of Anesthesia,
Harvard Medical School;
Director,
Pediatric Anesthesia Fellowship Program,
Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts

Senior Vice Chairman,
Department of Anesthesiology;
Professor of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology,
Medical College of Wisconsin;
Professor of Biomedical Engineering,
Marquette University,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic
College of Medicine,
Rochester, Minnesota

XII

Professor and Holder of the Margaret Milam
McDermott Distinguished Chair in Anesthesiology,
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,
Dallas, Texas

Professor of Anesthesiology,
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine;
Consultant in Anesthesia and Internal Medicine,
Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota

Associate Clinical Professor,
Department of Anesthesiology,
University of California, San Diego,
San Diego, California

Associate Professor of Anesthesiology,
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Staff,
The Johns Hopkins Hospital,
Baltimore, Maryland

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care,
University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine;
Attending Physician,
Moffitt-Long Hospital,
University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California

Professor,
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care,
The Pritzker School of Medicine,
The University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois