Book Text

REFERENCES

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6. Barker SJ, Polson JS: Fire in the operating room: A case report and laboratory study. Anesth Analg 93:960, 2001.

7. Kanno TA, Aso C, Saito S, et al: A combustive destruction of expiration valve in an anesthetic circuit. Anesthesiology 98:577, 2003.

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14. Newborn is electrocuted. The New York Times August 27, 1993:A18, C6.

15. Bruner JMR: Hazards of electrical apparatus. Anesthesiology 28:396, 1967.

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16. Bruner JMR: Common abuses and failures of electrical equipment. Anesth Analg 51:810, 1972.

17. Bruner JMR: Fundamental concepts of electrical safety [refresher course]. Anesthesiology 2:11, 1974.

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27. Sobel DB: Burning of a neonate due to pulse oximeter: Arterial saturation monitoring [letter]. Pediatrics 89:154, 1992.

28. Murphy KG, Secunda JA, Rockoff MA: Severe burns from a pulse oximeter. Anesthesiology 73:350, 1990.

29. Shellock FG: Monitoring sedated pediatric patients during MR imaging [letter]. Radiology 177:586, 1990.

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32. Wagle WA: Technique for RF isolation of a pulse oximeter in a 1.5-T MR unit [letter]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 10:208, 1989.

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34. Titel JH, El Etr AA: Fibrillation resulting from pacemaker electrodes and electrocautery during surgery. Anesthesiology 29:845, 1968.

35. Atkin DH, Orkin LR: Electrocution in the operating room. Anesthesiology 38:181, 1973.

36. Chambers JJ, Saha AK: Electrocution during anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 34:173, 1979.

37. Skidmore K, Chen J, Litt L: Arterial catheter pressure cable corrosion leading to artifactual diagnosis of hypotension. Anesth Analg 95:1192, 2002.

38. Geddes LA, Cabler P, Moore AG, et al: Threshold 60-Hz current required for ventricular fibrillation in subjects of various body weights. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 20:465, 1973.

39. Roy OZ: 60 Hz ventricular fibrillation and rhythm thresholds and the nonpacing intracardiac catheter. Med Biol Eng 13:228, 1975.

40. Litt L, Ehrenwerth J: Electrical safety in the operating room: Important old wine, disguised new bottles. Anesth Analg 78:417, 1994.

41. Aronow S, Bruner JMR: Electrosurgery [editorial]. Anesthesiology 42:525, 1975.

42. Gatti JE, Bryant CJ, Noone RB, et al: The mutagenicity of electrocautery smoke. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:781, 1992.

43. Stouffer DJ: Fires during surgery: Two fatal incidents in Los Angeles. J Burn Care Rehabil 13:114, 1992.

44. Troianos CA: Complete electrical failure during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 82:298, 1995.

45. Battig CG: Electrosurgical burn injuries and their prevention. JAMA 204:1025, 1968.

46. Chandra P: Severe skin damage from EKG electrodes [letter]. Anesthesiology 56:157, 1982.

47. Parker EO III: Electrosurgical burn at the site of an esophageal temperature probe [letter]. Anesthesiology 61:93, 1984.

48. Go PM, Goodman GR, Bruhn EW, Hunter JG: The argon beam coagulator provides rapid hemostasis of experimental hepatic and splenic hemorrhage in anticoagulated dogs. J Trauma 31:1294, 1991.

49. No author: Deaths following female sterilization with unipolar electrocoagulating devices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 30:149, 1981.

50. No author: Deaths attributable to tubal sterilization: United States, 1977–1981. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 32:249, 1983.

51. Whelpton D: Safety of electrical equipment [comment]. J Med Eng Technol 3:62, 1979.

52. Whelpton D: Acceptance testing of medical electrical equipment. J Med Eng Technol 8:19, 1984.

53. Rubenstein ML: Electrical safety standards for electrocardiographic apparatus. Circulation 62:1392, 1980.

54. Geselowitz DB, Arzbaecher RC, Barr RC, et al: Electrical safety standards for electrocardiographic apparatus. The American Heart Association Committee on Electrocardiography. Circulation 61:669, 1980.

55. NFPA 76C: High Frequency Electricity in Health Care Facilities. Quincy, MA, National Fire Protection Association, 1975.

56. NFPA 56A: Standard for the Use of Inhalation Anesthetics. Quincy, MA, National Fire Protection Association, 1973.

57. I have not been able to find a precise source for this very widely used quotation. An internet search, however, has turned text stating that in the 1950's this was very close to a favorite, well-known phrase of a Boston radiologist, Dr. Merrill Sosman, and also something that was essentially said by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

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