USE OF PATIENT SIMULATION FOR RESEARCH

The use of simulators for studying the cognitive processes of anesthetists is covered in Chapter 83 . Simulators are an important tool for addressing numerous questions concerning the fundamental limitations of the human performance envelope in the anesthesia domain. A sampling of these questions is listed in Table 84-11 .

Cooperation between simulation directors and instructors with psychologists or educators has been proved to be helpful in both research and education and training. Our group at Stanford started such collaborations when dealing with human error and CRM aspects in the 1980s. The Tübingen group established a long-term continuous research cooperation with the work psychology group of ETH Zurich in the late 1990s^[51] and described the "dos" and "don'ts" of such cooperation to be fruitful and rewarding.^[149] Meanwhile, many institutions have integrated psychologists or educators into their simulation centers (e.g., Belgium, Scotland, Denmark, Boston, to name a few).