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Various brainstem reflexes are used to diagnose brain death, such as pupillary, oculocephalic, oculovestibular, and cough reflexes. Preservation of the cough reflex indicates preservation of the brainstem respiratory center. All the brainstem reflexes (except those of the respiratory centers) need not be present for the organism to be said to be alive, but they are tested to confirm preservation of brainstem functions.
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