 |
|
|
REFERENCES
301.
Badgwell JM, McLeod ME, Lerman J, et al: End-tidal
PCO2
measurements sampled at the distal
and proximal ends of the endotracheal tube in infants and children. Anesth Analg
66:959–964, 1987.
302.
Badgwell JM, Heavner JE: End-tidal carbon dioxide
pressure in neonates and infants measured by aspiration and flow-through capnography.
J Clin Monit 7:285–288, 1991.
303.
Badgwell JM, Swan J, Foster AC: Volume-controlled
ventilation is made possible in infants by using compliant breathing circuits with
large compression volume. Anesth Analg 82:719–723, 1996.
304.
Coté CJ, Liu LM, Szyfelbein SK, et al:
Intraoperative events diagnosed by expired carbon dioxide monitoring in children.
Can Anaesth Soc J 33:315–320, 1986.
305.
Coté CJ, Goldstein EA, Coté MA,
et al: A single-blind study of pulse oximetry in children. Anesthesiology 68:184–188,
1988.
306.
Kennan RL, Shapiro JH, Kane FR, et al: Bradycardia
during anesthesia in infants. An epidemiologic study. Anesthesiology 80:976–982,
1994.
307.
Keenan RL, Shapiro JH, Dawson K: Frequency of
anesthetic cardiac arrests in infants: Effect of pediatric anesthesiologists. J
Clin Anesth 3:433–347, 1991.
308.
Beebe DS, Beck D, Belani KG: Comparison of the
flow rates of central venous catheters designed for rapid transfusion in infants
and small children. Paediatr Anaesth 5:35–39, 1995.
309.
de la Roche MR, Gauthier L: Rapid transfusion
of packed red blood cells: Effects of dilution, pressure, and catheter size. Ann
Emerg Med 22:1551–1555, 1993.
310.
Hancock SW, Knight G: Intraosseous needles:
An essential emergency adjunct in paediatric anaesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 11:505–506,
2001.
311.
Stewart FC, Kain ZN: Intraosseous infusion:
Elective use in pediatric anesthesia. Anesth Analg 75:626–629, 1992.
312.
Rosetti VA, Thompson BM, Miller J, et al: Intraosseous
infusion: An alternative route of pediatric intravascular access. Ann Emerg Med
14:885–888, 1985.
313.
Hatch DJ: Paediatric anaesthetic equipment.
Br J Anaesth 57:672–684, 1985.
314.
Nakae Y, Miyabe M, Sonoda H, et al: Comparison
of the Jackson-Rees circuit, the pediatric circle, and the MERA F breathing system
for pediatric anesthesia. Anesth Analg 83:488–492, 1996.
315.
Coté CJ: Pediatric breathing circuits
and anesthesia machines. Int Anesthesiol Clin 30:51–61, 1992.
316.
Coté CJ, Petkau AJ, Ryan JF, et al: Wasted
ventilation measured in vitro with eight anesthetic circuits with and without inline
humidification. Anesthesiology 59:442–446, 1983.
317.
Tobin MJ, Stevenson GW, Horn BJ, et al: A comparison
of three modes of ventilation with the use of an adult circle system in an infant
lung model. Anesth Analg 87:766–771, 1998.
318.
Pumford NR, Halmes NC, Hinson JA: Covalent binding
of xenobiotics to specific proteins in the liver. Drug Metab Rev 29:39–57,
1997.
319.
Stevenson GW, Tobin M, Horn B, et al: An adult
system versus a Bain system: Comparative ability to deliver minute ventilation to
an infant lung model with pressure-limited ventilation. Anesth Analg 88:527–530,
1999.
320.
Stevenson GW, Horn B, Tobin M, et al: Pressure-limited
ventilation of infants with low-compliance lungs: The efficacy of an adult circle
system versus two free-standing intensive care unit ventilator systems using an in
vitro model. Anesth Analg 89:638–641, 1999.
321.
Morray JP, Geiduschek JM, Caplan RA, et al: A
comparison of pediatric and adult anesthesia closed malpractice claims. Anesthesiology
78:461–467, 1993.
322.
Keenan RL, Boyan CP: Cardiac arrest due to anesthesia:
A study of incidence and causes. JAMA 253:2373–2377, 1985.
323.
Keenan RL, Boyan CP: Decreasing frequency of
anesthetic cardiac arrests. J Clin Anesth 3:354–357, 1991.
324.
Murat I, Berniere J, Constant I: Evaluation of
the efficacy of a forced-air warmer (Bair Hugger) during spinal surgery in children.
J Clin Anesth 6:425–429, 1994.
325.
Severinghaus JW, Naifeh KH, Koh SO: Errors in
14 pulse oximeters during profound hypoxia. J Clin Monit 5:72–81, 1989.
326.
Flynn JT: Oxygen and retrolental fibroplasia:
Update and challenge. Anesthesiology 60:397–399, 1984.
327.
Anand KJS, Hickey PR: Pain and its effects in
the human neonate and fetus. N Engl J Med 317:1321–1329, 1987.
328.
Berry FA, Gregory GA: Do premature infants require
anesthesia for surgery? Anesthesiology 67:291–293, 1987.
329.
Anand KJS, Hickey PR: Halothane-morphine compared
with high-dose sufentanil for anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in neonatal
cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 326:1–9, 1992.
330.
Anand KJS, Sippell WG, Schofield NM, et al: Does
halothane anaesthesia decrease the metabolic and endocrine stress responses of newborn
infants undergoing operation? BMJ 296:668–672, 1988.
331.
Birmingham PK, Dsida RM, Grayhack JJ, et al:
Do latex precautions in children with myelodysplasia reduce intraoperative allergic
reactions? J Pediatr Orthop 16:799–802, 1996.
332.
Cook-Sather SD, Tulloch HV, Liacouras CA, et al:
Gastric fluid volume in infants for pyloromyotomy. Can J Anaesth 44:278–283,
1997.
333.
Cook-Sather SD, Tulloch HV, Cnaan A, et al: A
comparison of awake versus paralyzed tracheal intubation for infants with pyloric
stenosis. Anesth Analg 86:945–951, 1998.
334.
Andropoulos DB, Heard MB, Johnson KL, et al:
Postanesthetic apnea in full-term infants after pyloromyotomy. Anesthesiology 80:216–219,
1994.
335.
Chipps BE, Moynihan R, Schieble T, et al: Infants
undergoing pyloromyotomy are not at risk for postoperative apnea. Staff of Sutter
Community Hospitals Sleep Disorders Center. Pediatr Pulmonol 27:278–281, 1999.
336.
Driver CP, Bowen J, Doig CM, et al: The influence
of delay in closure of the abdominal wall on outcome in gastroschisis. Pediatr Surg
Int 17:32–34, 2001.
337.
Kimble RM, Singh SJ, Bourke C, et al: Gastroschisis
reduction under analgesia in the neonatal unit. J Pediatr Surg. 36:1672–1674,
2001.
338.
Kidd JN, Levy MS, Wagner CW: Staged reduction
of gastroschisis: A simple method. Pediatr Surg Int 17:242–244, 2001.
339.
Barry JE, Auldist AW: The VATER association;
one end of a spectrum of anomalies. Am J Dis Child 128:769–771, 1974.
340.
Rittler M, Paz JE, Castilla EE: VACTERL association,
epidemiologic definition and delineation. Am J Med Genet 63:529–536, 1996.
341.
Bohn D, Tamura M, Perrin D, et al: Ventilatory
predictors of pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, confirmed
by morphologic assessment. J Pediatr 111:423–431, 1987.
342.
Lally KP, Paranka MS, Roden J, et al: Congenital
diaphragmatic hernia. Stabilization and repair on ECMO. Ann Surg 216:569–573,
1992.
343.
Okuyama H, Kubota A, Oue T, et al: Inhaled nitric
oxide with early surgery improves the outcome of antenatally diagnosed congenital
diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 37:1188–1190, 2002.
344.
Braby J: Current and emerging treatment for congenital
diaphragmatic hernia. Neonatal Netw 20:5–15, 2001.
345.
Boloker J, Bateman DA, Wung JT, et al: Congenital
diaphragmatic hernia in 120 infants treated consecutively with permissive hypercapnia/spontaneous
respiration/elective repair. J Pediatr Surg 37:357–366, 2002.
346.
Warner LO, Teitelbaum DH, Caniano DA, et al:
Inguinal herniorrhaphy in young infants: Perianesthetic complications and associated
preanesthetic risk factors. J Clin Anesth 4:455–461, 1992.
347.
Kurth CD, Spitzer AR, Broennle AM, et al: Postoperative
apnea in preterm infants. Anesthesiology 66:483–488, 1987.
348.
Welborn LG, Rice LJ, Hannallah RS, et al: Postoperative
apnea in former preterm infants: Prospective comparison of spinal and general anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 72:838–842, 1990.
349.
Welborn LG, Ramirez N, Oh TH, et al: Postanesthetic
apnea and periodic breathing in infants. Anesthesiology 65:658–661, 1986.
350.
Harnik EV, Hoy GR, Potolicchio S, et al: Spinal
anesthesia in premature infants recovering from respiratory distress syndrome. Anesthesiology
64:95–99, 1986.
351.
Malviya S, Swartz J, Lerman J: Are all preterm
infants younger than 60 weeks postconceptual age at risk for postanesthetic apnea?
Anesthesiology 78:1076–1081, 1993.
352.
Welborn LG, Hannallah RS, Fink R, et al: High-dose
caffeine suppresses postoperative apnea in former preterm infants. Anesthesiology
71:347–349, 1989.
353.
Liu LM, Coté CJ, Goudsouzian NG, et al:
Life-threatening apnea in infants recovering from anesthesia. Anesthesiology 59:506–510,
1983.
354.
Kurth CD, LeBard SE: Association of postoperative
apnea, airway obstruction, and hypoxemia in former premature infants. Anesthesiology
75:22–26, 1991.
355.
Welborn LG, De Soto H, Hannallah RS, et al: The
use of caffeine in the control of post-anesthetic apnea in former premature infants.
Anesthesiology 68:796–1006, 1988.
356.
Webster AC, McKishnie JD, Kenyon CF, et al: Spinal
anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair in high-risk neonates. Can J Anaesth 38:281–286,
1991.
357.
Krane EJ, Haberkern CM, Jacobson LE: Postoperative
apnea, bradycardia, and oxygen desaturation in formerly premature infants: Prospective
comparison of spinal and general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 80:7–13, 1995.
358.
Shenkman Z, Hoppenstein D, Litmanowitz I, et al:
Spinal anesthesia in 62 premature, former-premature or young infants—technical
aspects and pitfalls. Can J Anaesth 49:262–269, 2002.
359.
Fellmann C, Gerber AC, Weiss M: Apnoea in a former
preterm infant after caudal bupivacaine with clonidine for inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Paediatr Anaesth 12:637–640, 2002.
360.
William JM, Stoddart PA, Williams SA, et al:
Post-operative recovery after inguinal herniotomy in ex-premature infants: Comparison
between sevoflurane and spinal anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 86:366–371, 2001.
361.
Tobias JD, Burd RS, Helikson MA: Apnea following
spinal anaesthesia in two former pre-term infants. Can J Anaesth 45:985–989,
1998.
362.
Perlman JM, Volpe JJ: Episodes of apnea and bradycardia
in the preterm newborn: Impact on cerebral circulation. Pediatrics 76:333–338,
1985.
363.
Pons G, Carrier O, Richard MO, et al: Developmental
changes of caffeine elimination in infancy. Dev Pharmacol Ther 11:258–264,
1988.
364.
Coté CJ, Kelly DH: Postoperative apnea
in a full-term infant with a demonstrable respiratory pattern abnormality. Anesthesiology
72:559–561, 1990.
365.
Yaster M, Maxwell LG: Pediatric regional anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 70:324–338, 1989.
366.
Arthur DS, McNicol LR: Local anaesthetic techniques
in paediatric surgery. Br J Anaesth 58:760–778, 1986.
367.
Birmingham PK, Wheeler M, Suresh S, et al: Patient-controlled
epidural analgesia in children: Can they do it? Anesth Analg 96:686–691, 2003.
368.
Berde CB: Convulsions associated with pediatric
regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg 75:164–166, 1992.
369.
Birmingham PK, Tobin MJ, Henthorn TK, et al:
24 hour pharmacokinetics of rectal acetaminophen in children: An old drug with new
recommendations. Anesthesiology 87:244–252, 1997.
370.
Larrey D, Pageaux GP: Genetic predisposition
to drug-induced hepatotoxicity. J Hepatol 26(Suppl 2):12–21, 1997.
371.
Montgomery CJ, McCormack JP, Reichert CC, et al:
Plasma concentrations after high-dose (45 mg·kg−1
) rectal
acetaminophen in children. Can J Anaesth 42:982–986, 1995.
372.
Suresh S, Barcelona SL, Young NM, et al: Postoperative
pain relief in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery: Is a regional block better
than opioids? Anesth Analg 94:859–862, 2002.
373.
Wagner AM, Suresh S: Peripheral nerve blocks
for warts: Taking the cry out of cryotherapy and laser. Pediatr Dermatol 15:238–241,
1998.
