 |
|
|
REFERENCES
1.
Saxena R, Zucker SD, Crawford JM: Anatomy and physiology
of the liver. In Zakim D, Boyer D (eds): Hepatology:
A Textbook of Liver Disease. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2003, pp 3–30.
2.
Kanaya N, Iwasaki H, Namiki A: Noninvasive ICG
clearance test for estimating hepatic blood flow during halothane and isoflurane
anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 42:209–212, 1995.
3.
Murray JM, Rowlands BJ, Trinick TR: Indocyanine
green clearance and hepatic function during and after prolonged anaesthesia: Comparison
of halothane with isoflurane. Br J Anaesth 68:168–171, 1992.
4.
Gatacel C, Losser MR, Payen D: The postoperative
effects of halothane versus isoflurane on hepatic artery and portal vein blood flow
in humans. Anesth Analg 96:740–745, 2003.
5.
Gelman S: General anesthesia and hepatic circulation.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol 65:1762–1779, 1987.
6.
Hursch D, Gelman S, Bradley EL: Hepatic oxygen
supply during halothane or isoflurane anesthesia in guinea pigs. Anesthesiology
67:701–706, 1987.
7.
Nöldge GFE, Priebe HJ, Kopp KH: Differences
in effects of isoflurane and enflurane on splanchnic oxygenation and hepatic metabolism
in the pig. Anesth Analg 71:258–267, 1990.
8.
Goldfarb G, Debaene B, Ang ET, et al: Hepatic blood
flow in humans during isoflurane-N2
O and halothane-N2
O anesthesia.
Anesth Analg 71:349–353, 1990.
9.
Gelman S, Dillard E, Bradley EL: Hepatic circulation
during surgical stress and anesthesia with halothane, isoflurane, or fentanyl. Anesth
Analg 66:936–943, 1987.
10.
Frink EJ, Morgan SE, Coetzee A, et al: The effects
of sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on hepatic blood flow and oxygenation
in chronically instrumented greyhound dogs. Anesthesiology 76:85–90, 1992.
11.
Aneman A, Pontén J, Fändriks L, et
al: Splanchnic and renal sympathetic activity in relation to hemodynamics during
isoflurane administration in pigs. Anesth Analg 80:135–142, 1995.
12.
Grundmann U, Zizzis A, Bauer C, Bauer M: In vivo
effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation.
Acta Anaesthiol Scand 41:760–765, 1997.
13.
Benumof JL, Bookstein JJ, Saidman LJ, Harris R:
Diminished hepatic arterial flow during halothane administration. Anesthesiology
45:545–551, 1976.
14.
Vollmar B, Conzen PF, Kerner T, et al: Blood flow
and tissue oxygenation pressures of liver and pancreas in rats: Effects of volatile
anesthetics and of hemorrhage. Anesth Analg 75:421–430, 1992.
15.
Matsumoto N, Kotzumi M, Sugai M: Hepatolobectomy-induced
depression of hepatic circulation and metabolism in the dog is counteracted by isoflurane,
but not by halothane. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 43:850–854, 1999.
16.
Crawford MW, Lerman J, Saldivia V, et al: The
effect of adenosine-induced hypotension on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics during
halothane or sevoflurane anesthesia in the rat. Anesthesiology 80:159–167,
1994.
17.
Crawford MW, Lerman J, Saldivia V, et al: Hemodynamic
and organ blood flow responses to halothane and sevoflurane anesthesia during spontaneous
ventilation. Anesth Analg 75:1000–1006, 1992.
18.
Fujita Y, Kimura K, Hamada H, et al: Comparative
effects of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on the liver with hepatic artery
ligation in the beagle. Anesthesiology 75:313–318, 1991.
19.
Conzen PF, Vollmar B, Habazettl H, et al: Systemic
and regional hemodynamics of isoflurane and sevoflurane in rats. Anesth Analg 74:79–88,
1992.
20.
Holmes MA, Weiskopf RB, Eger EI II, et al: Hepatocellular
integrity in swine after prolonged desflurane (I-653) and isoflurane anesthesia:
Evaluation of plasma alanine aminotransferase activity. Anesth Analg 71:249–253,
1990.
21.
Armbruster K, Noldge-Schomburg G, Dressler IMJ,
et al: The effects of desflurane on splanchnic hemodynamics and oxygenation in the
anesthetized pig. Anesth Analg 84:271–277, 1997.
22.
Obata R, Bito H, Ohmura M, et al: The effects
of prolonged low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on renal and hepatic function. Anesth
Analg 91:1262–1268, 2000.
23.
Nishiyama T, Yokoyama T, Hanaoka K: Effects of
sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia on arterial ketone body ratio and liver function.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 43:347–351, 1999.
24.
Ebert TJ, Frink EJ Jr, Kharasch ED: Absence of
biochemical evidence for renal and hepatic dysfunction after 8 hours of 1.25 minimum
alveolar concentration sevoflurane anesthesia in volunteers. Anesthesiology 88:601–610,
1998.
25.
Ebert TJ, Messana LD, Uhrich TD, et al: Absence
of renal and hepatic toxicity after four hours of 1.25 minimum alveolar anesthetic
concentration sevoflurane anesthesia in volunteers. Anesth Analg 86:662–667,
1998.
26.
Bito H, Ikeda K: Renal and hepatic function in
surgical patients after low-flow sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg
82:173–176, 1996.
27.
Suttner SW, Schmidt CC, Boldt J, et al: Low-flow
desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia minimally affect hepatic integrity and function
in elderly patients. Anesth Analg 91:206–212, 2000.
28.
Eger EI II, Koblin DD, Bowland T, et al: Nephrotoxicity
of sevoflurane versus desflurane anesthesia in volunteers. Anesth Analg 84:160–168,
1997.
29.
Weiskopf RB, Eger EI II, Ionescu P, et al: Desflurane
does not produce hepatic or renal injury in human volunteers. Anesth Analg 74:570–574,
1992.
30.
Jones RM, Koblin DD, Cashman JN, et al: Biotransformation
and hepato-renal function in volunteers after exposure to desflurane (I-653). Br
J Anaesth 64:482–487, 1990.
31.
Cowan RE, Jackson BT, Grainger SL, et al: Effects
of anesthetic agents and abdominal surgery on liver blood flow. Hepatology 14:1161–1166,
1991.
32.
Merin RG, Bernard JM, Doursout MF, et al: Comparison
of the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cardiovascular dynamics and regional
blood flow in the chronically instrumented dog. Anesthesiology 74:568–574,
1991
33.
Hartman JC, Pagel PS, Proctor LT, et al: Influence
of desflurane, isoflurane and halothane on regional tissue perfusion in dogs. Can
J Anaesth 39:877–887, 1992.
34.
Zaleski L, Abello D, Gold MI: Desflurane versus
isoflurane in patients with chronic hepatic and renal disease. Anesth Analg 76:353–356,
1993.
35.
Debaene B, Goldfarb G, Braillon A, et al: Effects
of ketamine, halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics
in normovolemic and hypovolemic cirrhotic rats. Anesthesiology 73:118–124,
1990.
36.
Baden JM, Kundomal YR, Luttropp M Jr, et al: Effects
of volatile anesthetics or fentanyl on hepatic function in cirrhotic rats. Anesth
Analg 64:1183–1188, 1985.
37.
Thomson IA, Fitch W, Hughes RL, et al: Effects
of certain i.v. anaesthetics on liver blood flow and hepatic oxygen consumption in
the greyhound. Br J Anaesth 58:69–80, 1986.
38.
Thomson IA, Fitch W, Campbell D, et al: Effects
of ketamine on liver blood flow and hepatic oxygen consumption. Studies in the anaesthetized
greyhound. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 32:10–14, 1988.
39.
Carmichael FJ, Crawford MW, Khayyam N: Effect
of propofol infusion on splanchnic hemodynamics and liver oxygen consumption in the
rat. Anesthesiology 79:1051–1060, 1993.
40.
Wouters PF, Van de Velde MA, Marcus MAE, et al:
Hemodynamic changes during induction of anesthesia with eltanolone and propofol
in dogs. Anesth Analg 81:125–131, 1995.
41.
Demeure dit Latte D, Bernard JM, Blanloeil Y, et
al: Induction of anaesthesia by propofol and hepatic blood flow in the rabbit.
Clin Physiol 15:515–522, 1995.
42.
Runciman WB, Mather LE, Selby DG: Cardiovascular
effects of propofol and of thiopentone anaesthesia in the sheep. Br J Anaesth 65:353–359,
1990.
43.
Christiansen CL, Ahlburg P, Jakobsen CJ, et al:
The influence of propofol and midazolam/halothane anesthesia on hepatic SvO2
and gastric mucosal pH during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
12:418–421, 1998.
44.
Kennedy WF Jr, Everett GB, Cobb LA, et al: Simultaneous
systemic and hepatic hemodynamic measurements during high spinal anesthesia in normal
man. Anesth Analg 49:1016–1024, 1970.
45.
Kennedy WF Jr, Everett GB, Cobb LA, et al: Simultaneous
systemic and hepatic hemodynamic measurements during high peridural anesthesia in
normal man. Anesth Analg 50:1069–1077, 1971.
46.
Greitz T, Andreen M, Irestedt L: Haemodynamic
and oxygen consumption in the dog during high epidural block with special reference
to the splanchnic region. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 27:211–217, 1983.
47.
Nakayama M, Kanaya N, Fujita S, et al: Effects
of ephedrine on indocyanine green clearance during spinal anesthesia: Evaluation
by the finger piece method. Anesth Analg 77:947–949, 1993.
48.
Greitz T, Andreen M, Irestedt L: Effects of ephedrine
on haemodynamics and oxygen consumption in the dog during high epidural block with
special reference to the splanchnic region. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:557–562,
1984.
49.
Tanaka N, Nagata N, Hamakawa, et al: The effect
of dopamine on hepatic blood flow in patients undergoing epidural anesthesia. Anesth
Analg 85:286–290, 1997.
50.
Darling JR, Murray JM, Hainsworth AM, et al: The
effect of isoflurane or spinal anesthesia on indocyanine green disappearance rate
in the elderly. Anesth Analg 78:706–709, 1994.
51.
Gholson CF, Provenza JM, Bacon BR: Hepatologic
considerations in patients with parenchymal liver disease undergoing surgery. Am
J Gastroenterol 85:487–496, 1990.
52.
Tegeder I, Lötsch J, Geisslinger G: Pharmacokinetics
of opioids in liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 37:17–40, 1999.
53.
Haberer JP, Schoeffler P, Couderc E, et al: Fentanyl
pharmacokinetics in anaesthetized patients with cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 54:1267–1270,
1982.
54.
Chauvin, M, Ferrier C, Haberer JP, et al: Sufentanil
pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. Anesth Analg 68:1–4, 1989.
55.
Ferrier C, Marty J, Bouffard Y, et al: Alfentanil
pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 62:480–484, 1985.
56.
Raucoules-Aimé M, Kaidomar M, Levron JC,
et al: Hepatic disposition of alfentanil and sufentanil in patients undergoing orthotopic
liver transplantation. Anesth Analg 84:1019–1024, 1997.
57.
Navapurkar VU, Archer S, Gupta SK, et al: Metabolism
of remifentanil during liver transplantation. Br J Anaesth 81:881–886, 1998.
58.
Dumont L, Picard V, Marti RA, et al: Use of remifentanil
in a patient with chronic hepatic failure. Br J Anaesth 81:265–267, 1998.
59.
Dershwitz M, Hoke JF, Rosow CE, et al: Pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil in volunteer subjects with severe liver disease.
Anesthesiology 84:812–820, 1996.
60.
Pandele G, Chaux F, Salvadori C, et al: Thiopental
pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 59:123–126, 1983.
61.
Couderc E, Ferrier C, Harberer JP, et al: Thiopentone
pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic alcoholism. Br J Anaesth 56:1393–1396,
1984.
62.
Duvaldestin P, Chauvin M, Lebrault C, et al: Effect
of upper abdominal surgery and cirrhosis upon the pharmacokinetics of methohexital.
Acta Anesthesiol Scand 35:159–163, 1991.
63.
Van Beem H, Manger FW, Van Boxtel C, et al: Etomidate
anaesthesia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: Pharmacokinetic data. Anaesthesia
38:61–62, 1983.
64.
Servin F, Desmonts JM, Haberer JP, et al: Pharmacokinetics
and protein binding of propofol in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 69:887–891,
1988.
65.
Servin F, Cockshott ID, Farinotti R, et al: Pharmacokinetics
of propofol infusions in patients with cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 65:177–183,
1990.
66.
MacGilchrist AJ, Birnie GG, Cook A, et al: Pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of intravenous midazolam in patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis.
Gut 27:190–195, 1986.
67.
Trouvin JH, Farinotti R, Haberer JP, et al: Pharmacokinetics
of midazolam in anaesthetized cirrhotic patients. Br J Anaesth 60:762–767,
1988.
68.
Baughman VL, Cunningham FE, Layden T: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
effects of dexmedetomidine in patients with hepatic failure. Anesth Analg 90(Suppl):S391,
2000.
69.
De Wolf AM, Fragen RJ, Avram MJ, et al: The pharmacokinetics
of dexmedetomidine in volunteers with severe renal impairment. Anesth Analg 93:1205–1209,
2001.
70.
Venn RM, Karol MD, Grounds RM: Pharmacokinetics
of dexmedetomidine infusions for sedation of postoperative patients requiring intensive
care. Br J Anaesth 88:669–675, 2002.
71.
Upton RA, Nguyen TL, Miller RD, et al: Renal and
biliary elimination of vecuronium (ORG NC 45) and pancuronium in rats. Anesth Analg
61:313–316, 1982.
72.
Bencini AF, Scaf AH, Sohn YJ, et al: Hepatobiliary
disposition of vecuronium bromide in man. Br J Anaesth 58:988–995, 1986.
73.
Hunter JM, Parker CJ, Bell CF: The use of different
doses of vecuronium in patients with liver dysfunction. Br J Anaesth 57:758–764,
1985.
74.
Lebrault C, Berger JL, D'Hollander AA, et al:
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vecuronium (ORG NC 45) in patients with
cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 62:601–605, 1985.
75.
Arden JR, Lynam DP, Castagnoli KP, et al: Vecuronium
in alcoholic liver disease: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Anesthesiology
68:771–776, 1988.
76.
Magorian T, Wood P, Caldwell J, et al: The pharmacokinetics
and neuromuscular effects of rocuronium bromide in patients with liver disease.
Anesth Analg 80:754–759, 1995.
77.
Khalil M, D'Honneur G, Duvaldestin P, et al: Pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 80:1241–1247,
1994.
78.
Duvaldestin P, Agoston S, Henzel D, et al: Pancuronium
pharmacokinetics in patients with liver cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 50:1131–1136,
1978.
79.
D'Honneur G, Khalil M, Dominique C, et al: Pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of pipecuronium in patients with cirrhosis. Anesth Analg 77:1203–1206,
1993.
80.
De Wolf AM, Freeman JA, Scott VL, et al: Pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing
liver transplantation. Br J Anaesth 76:624–628, 1996.
81.
Ward S, Neill EA: Pharmacokinetics of atracurium
in acute hepatic failure (with acute renal failure). Br J Anaesth 55:1169–1172,
1983.
82.
Kisor DF, Schmith VD: Clinical pharmacokinetics
of cisatracurium besylate. Clin Pharmacokinet 36:27–40, 1999.
83.
Fisher DM, Dempsey GA, Atherton PL, et al: Effect
of renal failure and cirrhosis on the pharmacokinetics and neuromuscular effects
of rapacuronium administered by bolus followed by infusion. Anesthesiology 93:1384–1391,
2000.
84.
Duvaldestin P, Slavov V, Rebufat Y: Pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of rapacuronium in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology
91:1305–1310, 1999.
85.
Cook DR, Freeman JA, Lai AA, et al: Pharmacokinetics
of mivacurium in normal patients and in those with hepatic or renal failure. Br
J Anaesth 69:580–585, 1992.
86.
Devlin JC, Head-Rapson AG, Parker CJ: Pharmacodynamics
of mivacurium chloride in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 71:227–231,
1993.
87.
Head-Rapson AG, Devlin JC, Parker JC: Pharmacokinetics
of the three isomers of mivacurium and pharmacodynamics of the chiral mixture in
hepatic cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 73:613–618, 1994.
88.
Thomas SD, Boyd AH: Prolonged neuromuscular block
associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy and reduced plasma cholinesterase.
Eur J Anaesthesiol 11:245–249, 1994.
89.
Eagle KA, Berger PB, Calkins H, et al: ACC/AHA
Guideline Update for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery—Executive
Summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative
Evaluation for noncardiac Surgery). Anesth Analg 94:1052–1064, 2002.
90.
Rothenberg DM: Postoperative renal dysfunction.
In Afifi S, Rosenbaum S (eds): Problems in Anesthesia:
PACU and Anesthetic Management. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Williams & Wilkins,
2000, pp 314–325.
91.
Kamath PS: Clinical approach to the patient with
abnormal liver test results. Mayo Clin Proc 71:1089–1095, 1996.
92.
Bates B, Yelling JA: The yield of multiphasic
screening. JAMA 222:74–78, 1972.
93.
Farrell RL, DeColli JA, Chappelka AR: Significance
of abnormal liver function studies in psychiatric admissions to military hospitals.
Mil Med 140:101–103, 1975.
94.
Pratt DS, Kaplan MM: Primary care: Evaluation
of abnormal liver-enzyme results in asymptomatic patients. N Engl J Med 342:1266–1271,
2000.
95.
Cohn JA, Kaplan MM: The SGOT/SGPT ratio—an
indicator of alcoholic liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 24:835–838, 1979.
96.
Powell-Jackson P, Greenway B, Williams R: Adverse
effects of exploratory laparotomy in patients with unsuspected liver disease. Br
J Surg 69:449–451, 1982.
97.
Greenwood SM, Leffler CT, Minkowitz S: The increased
mortality of open liver biopsy in alcoholic hepatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 134:600–604,
1972.
98.
Bell RH Jr, Miyai K, Orloff MJ: Outcome in cirrhotic
patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis after emergency portocaval shunt for bleeding
esophageal varices. Am J Surg 147:78–84, 1984.
99.
Hay JE, Czaja AJ, Rakela J, Ludwig J: The nature
of unexplained chronic aminotransferase elevations of a mild to moderate degree in
asymptomatic patients. Hepatology 9:193–197, 1989.
100.
Hultcrantz R, Glauman H, Lindberg G, Nilsson LHS:
Liver investigation in 149 asymptomatic patients with moderately elevated activities
of serum aminotransferases. Scand J Gastroenterol 21:109–113, 1986.
101.
Behrns KE: Hepatic steatosis as a potential risk
factor for major hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg 2:292–298, 1998.
102.
Brolin RE, Bradley LJ, Rajiv V, Taliwal V: Unsuspected
cirrhosis discovered during elective obesity operations. Arch Surg 133:84–88,
1998.
103.
Friedman LS: The risk of surgery in patients
with liver disease. Hepatology 29:1617–1623, 1999.
104.
Runyon BA: Surgical procedures are well tolerated
by patients with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 8:542–544,
1986.
105.
Higashi H, Matsumata T, Adachi E, et al: Influence
of viral hepatitis status on operative morbidity and mortality in patients with primary
hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg 81:1342–1345, 1994.
106.
Ko S, Nakajima Y, Kanehiro H, et al: Significant
influence of accompanying chronic hepatitis status on recurrence of hepatocellular
carcinoma after hepatectomy: Result of multivariate analysis. Ann Surg 224:591–595,
1996.
107.
Pugh RNH, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, et al: Transection
of oesophagus for bleeding of oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 60:646–649, 1973.
108.
Garrison RN, Cryer HM, Howard DA, Polk HC Jr:
Clarification of factors for abdominal operations in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
Ann Surg 199:648–655, 1984.
109.
Mansour A, Watson W, Shayani V, Pickelman J:
Abdominal operations in patients with cirrhosis: Still a major surgical challenge.
Surgery 22:730–736, 1997.
110.
Bloch RS, Allaben RD, Walt AJ: Cholecystectomy
in patients with cirrhosis. Arch Surg 120:669–672, 1985.
111.
Metcalf AMT, Dozois RR, Wolff BG, Beart RW Jr:
The surgical risk of colectomy in patients with cirrhosis. Dis Colon Rectum 30:529–531,
1987.
112.
Lehnert T, Herfarth C: Peptic ulcer surgery in
patients with liver cirrhosis. Ann Surg 217:338–346, 1993.
113.
Wong R, Rappaport W, Witte C, et al: Risk of
nonshunt abdominal operation in the patient with cirrhosis. J Am Coll Surg 179:412–416,
1994.
114.
Rice RE, O'Keefe GE, Helton WS, Johansen K: Morbid
prognostic features in patients with chronic liver failure undergoing nonhepatic
surgery. Arch Surg 132:880–885, 1997.
115.
Ziser A, Plevak DJ, Wiesner RH, et al: Morbidity
and mortality in cirrhotic patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Anesthesiology
90:42–53, 1999.
116.
Friedman LS: The risk of surgery in patients
with liver disease. Hepatology 29:1617–1623, 1999.
117.
Sleeman D, Namias N, Levi D, et al: Laparoscopic
cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Surg 187:400–403, 1998.
118.
Aranha GV, Kruss D, Greenlee HB: Therapeutic
options for biliary tract disease in advanced cirrhosis. Am J Surg 155:374–377,
1988.
119.
Azoulay D, Buabse F, Damiano I, et al: Neoadjuvant
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A solution for extrahepatic abdominal
operation in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension. J Am Coll Surg
193:46–51, 2001.
120.
Friedman LS, Maddrey WC: Surgery in the patient
with liver disease. Med Clin North Am 71:453–476, 1987.
121.
Seltzer JL, Goldberg ME, Larijani GE, et al:
Prostacyclin mediation of vasodilation following mesenteric traction. Anesthesiology
68:514–518, 1988.
122.
MacIntosh EL, Minuk GY: Hepatic resection in
patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 174:245–254,
1992.
123.
Wu CC, Ho WL, Yeh DC, et al: Hepatic resection
of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers: Is it unjustified in impaired liver
function? Surgery 120:34–39, 1996.
124.
Lau H, Man K, Fan ST, et al: Evaluation of preoperative
hepatic function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy.
Br J Surg 84:1255–1259, 1997.
125.
Bruix J, Castells A, Bosch J, et al: Surgical
resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: Prognostic value of
preoperative portal pressure. Gastroenterology 111:1018–1022, 1996.
126.
Klemperer JD, Ko W, Krieger KH, et al: Cardiac
operations in patients with cirrhosis. Ann Thorac Surg 65:85–87, 1998.
127.
Bizouran P, Ausseur A, Desseigne P, et al: Early
and late outcome after elective cardiac surgery in patients with cirrhosis. Ann
Thorac Surg 67:1334–1338, 1999.
128.
Koizumi M, Matsumoto N, Uede K: Influences of
cardiopulmonary bypass and fentanyl anesthesia on hepatic circulation and oxygen
metabolism in beagles. Anesth Analg 96:1177–1187, 1998.
129.
Okano N, Miyoshi S, Owada R, et al: Impairment
of hepatosplanchnic oxygenation and increase of serum hyaluronate during normothermic
and mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 95:278–286, 2002.
130.
Nyberg LM, Pockros PJ: Postoperative jaundice.
In Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC (eds): Schiff's
Diseases of the Liver, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1999, pp 599–605.
131.
Thomas AT: Autoimmune hemolytic anemias. In
Lee GR, Foerster J, Lukens J, et al (eds): Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 10th
ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1999, pp 1233–1263.
132.
Garcia MJ, Vander Oort P, Stewart W, et al: Mechanisms
of hemolysis with mitral prosthetic regurgitation: Study using transesophageal echocardiography
and fluid dynamic simulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 27:399–406, 1996.
133.
Zuck TF, Basinger TA, Peck CC, et al: The in
vivo survival of red blood cells stored in modified CDP with adenine: Report of
a multi-institutional cooperative effort. Transfusion 17:374–382, 1972.
134.
Black M: Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Gastroenterology
78:382–392, 1980.
135.
Zimmerman HJ, Lewis JH: Chemical and toxin-induced
hepatotoxicity. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 24:1027–1045, 1995.
136.
Vanderstigel M, Zafrani ES, Lejonc JL, et al:
Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome as a cause of hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas.
Gastroenterology 90:188–190, 1986.
137.
Lewis JH, Ranard RC, Caruso A, et al: Amiodarone
hepatotoxicity: Prevalence, clinicopathologic correlations among 104 patients.
Hepatology 9:679–685, 1989.
138.
Chiturri S, Farrell GC: Drug-induced cholestasis.
Semin Gastrointest Dis 12:113–124, 2001.
139.
McGoldrick MD, Bailie GR: Non-narcotic analgesics:
Prevalence and estimated economic impact of toxicities. Ann Pharmacother 21:221–227,
1997.
140.
Schein PS, Winokar SH: Immunosuppressive and
cytotoxic chemotherapy: Long term complications. Ann Intern Med 82:84–95,
1975.
141.
Tracleer package insert.
142.
Speeg KV, Bay MK: Prevention and treatment of
drug-induced liver disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 24:1047–1064, 1995.
143.
Ben-Yehuda A, Bloom A, Lijovitzky G: Chlorpromazine-induced
liver and bone marrow granulomas associated with agranulocytosis. Isr J Med Sci
26:449–451, 1990.
144.
Cersosimo RJ: Hepatotoxicity associated with
cisplatin chemotherapy. Ann Pharmacother 27:438–441, 1993.
145.
Pearson K, Zimmerman HJ: Danazol and liver damage.
Lancet 1:645–646, 1980.
146.
Lee WM: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity. N Engl
J Med 333:1118–1127, 1995.
147.
Kirby B, Keaveney A, Brophy D: Abnormal liver
function tests induced by dapsone in a patient with dermatitis and herpetiformis
and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Br J Dermatol 141:172–173, 1999.
148.
Forns X, Caballeria J, Bruguera M, et al: Disulfiram-induced
hepatitis: Report of four cases and review of the literature. J Hepatol 21:853–857,
1994.
149.
King PD, Blitzer BL: Drug induced cholestasis:
Pathogenesis and clinical features. Semin Liver Dis 10:316–321, 1990.
150.
Bosse GM, Matyunas NJ: Delayed toxidromes. J
Emerg Med 17:679–690, 1999.
