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The goals of intraoperative fluid administration are to maintain
adequate oxygen delivery, normal electrolyte concentrations, and normoglycemia.
The total fluid requirement is composed of compensatory intravascular volume expansion
(CVE), deficit replacement, maintenance fluids, restoration of losses, and substitution
for fluid redistribution (i.e., third space fluids):
Rate of fluid administration = CVE + Deficit +
Maintenance + Loss + Third space
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